Gonadal steroids have paradoxical effects on brain oxytocin receptors
Abstract
Specific brain receptors for oxytocin have been described in several mammalian species. The distribution of these receptors differs greatly across species and in the rat, receptor binding in specific brain regions appears to depend upon gonadal steroids. This study used in vitro receptor autoradiography to examine the effects of testosterone on oxytocin receptor binding in the mouse forebrain. Three groups of male mice were compared: castrates treated with blank capsules, castrates treated with testosterone filled capsules, and intact males. Irrespective of steroid treatment, the distribution of oxytocin receptors in mouse forebrain differed markedly from patterns previously described in the rat. In addition to these species differences in receptor distribution, testosterone had effects in the mouse which differed from the induction of receptors previously reported in the rat. In the mouse ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, binding in the untreated castrate males was approximately double that observed in either the intact or the testosterone-treated castrates. In other regions of the mouse brain, such as the intermediate zone of the lateral septum, binding to oxytocin receptors was increased with testosterone treatment. These results suggest that the brain oxytocin receptor varies across species not only in its distribution but also in its regional regulation by gonadal steroids. These apparently paradoxical changes in oxytocin receptor binding may result from either direct or indirect effects of gonadal steroids in mouse brain.
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These results may not extend to female monkeys, as there may be a sex-dependent expression of OXTR in the brain.
“thus these results may not extend to female monkeys, as there may be a sex-dependent expression of OXTR in the brain (Insel et al., 1993).”
From Oxytocin enhances gaze-following responses to videos of natural social behavior in adult male rhesus monkeys (2016) · cites this paper as Insel et al., 1993
DNA methylation of OXTR in humans may be mediated by an intronic SNP.
“Interestingly, DNA methylation of OXTR in humans may be mediated by an intronic SNP (67).”
From Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Predicts Brain Region–Specific Expression and Social Attachment (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
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YOUNG, L. J., WAYMIRE, K. G., NILSEN, R., MACGREGOR, G. R., WANG, Z., & INSEL, T. R. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51955.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocin, vasopressin and their interplay with gonadal steroids
Dhakar, M. B., Stevenson, E. L., & Caldwell, H. K. (2013) · Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139017855.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Insel, T. R., Young, L., Witt, D. M., & Crews, D.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Insel, Thomas R.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1993-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 619-628
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W2098078316
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH-41770, NIMH00135)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- oxytocin receptor, sex steroids, testosterone, castration, forebrain, ventromedial hypothalamus, lateral septum, species differences, receptor binding, mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoradiography, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Arvicolinae, Guinea Pigs, Cricetinae, Humans, Iodine Radioisotopes, Mesocricetus, Oxytocin, Peromyscus, Radioimmunoassay, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Species Specificity, Testosterone, Receptors, Oxytocin, Mice, Rats
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