Propranolol and thyroid hormone metabolism
Abstract
Propranolol decreases plasma T3 and increases plasma rT3 in a dose-dependent manner due to a decreased production rate of T3 and a decreased metabolic clearance rate of rT3, respectively, caused by inhibition of the conversion of T4 into T3 and of rT3 into 3,3'-T2. This inhibition of 5'-deiodination is not secondary to inhibition of thyroid hormone transport across the plasma membrane. Propranolol and its major metabolite, 4-hydroxypropranolol, are not directly responsible for these effects, but an unidentified metabolite of propranolol might be involved. beta-blockers ameliorate clinical symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis independent of the decrease of plasma 13, that is confined to beta-blockers with membrane-stabilizing activity, such as propranolol and alprenolol. The decrease of plasma T3, however, appears responsible for some of the metabolic responses to beta-blockers.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Propranolol decreases circulating serum T3 levels in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting deiodinase enzymes.
“Propranolol decreases circulating serum T 3 levels in a dose-dependent manner due to inhibition of the deiodinase enzymes (139).”
From Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as [139]
Cites
Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions and the cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism
Levey, G. S., & Klein, I. L. (1990) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90533-j · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Burger, A., & Philippé, J. (1992) · Baillière s Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0950-351x(05)80332-5 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Results from a Prospective, Randomized Study
Adlerberth, A., Stenström, G., & Hasselgren, P.-O. (1987) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198702000-00013 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Influence of β-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents on Plasma Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Wiersinga, W. M., & TOUBER, J. L. (1977) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-45-2-293 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of the Conversion of Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine in the Perfused Rat Liver
Jennings, A. S., Ferguson, D. C., & Utiger, R. D. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109623 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Krenning, E. P., Docter, R., Bernard, B. F., Visser, T. J., & HENNEMANN, G. (1982) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80900-9 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Verhoeven, R. P., Visser, T. J., Docter, R., HENNEMANN, G., & Schalekamp, M. A. D. H. (1977) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-44-5-1002 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Conversion of L-Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine in Rat Kidney Homogenate*
CHIRASEVEENUPRAPUND, P., Buergi, U., GOSWAMI, A., & Rosenberg, I. N. (1978) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-102-2-612 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
D-propranolol and DL-propranolol both decrease conversion of L-thyroxine to L-triiodothyronine.
Heyma, P., Larkins, R. G., Higginbotham, L., et al. (1980) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6232.24 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Comparison of propranolol and metoprolol in the management of hyperthyroidism.
Murchison, L. E., How, J., & Bewsher, P. D. (1979) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb01048.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Perrild, H., Hansen, J., Skovsted, L., et al. (1983) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb03196.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lumholtz, I. B., Siersbæk‐Nielsen, K., Faber, J. O., KIRKEGAARD, C., & Friis, T. (1978) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-47-3-587 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Hyperthyroxinemia in patients treated with high-dose propranolol
Cooper, D. S., Daniels, G. H., Ladenson, P. W., & Ridgway, E. C. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90778-1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Wartofsky, L., Dimond, R. C., NOEL, G. L., et al. (1975) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-41-3-485 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE LEVELS IN HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS DURING TREATMENT WITH PROPRANOLOL
Harrower, A. D. B., Fyffe, J. A., Horn, D. B., & Strong, J. (1977) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb02938.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Non‐Selective and Selective β‐1‐Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Nilsson, O. R., Karlberg, B. E., Kågedal, B., Tegler, L., & Almqvist, S. (1979) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb13463.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Heyma, P., Larkins, R. G., & Campbell, D. G. (1980) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-106-5-1437 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON THYROID HORMONES AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THYROTOXICOSIS
SAUNDERS, J., HALL, S. E. H., Crowther, A., & Sönksen, P. H. (1978) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb03573.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Comparative trial of atenolol and propranolol in hyperthyroidism.
McDevitt, D., & Nelson, J. K. (1978) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb04590.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
PROPRANOLOL AND THE UTILIZATION OF RADIOIODINE BY THE HUMAN THYROID GLAND
Hadden, D. R., Bell, T. K., McDevitt, D., et al. (1969) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0610393 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
PROPRANOLOL, TRIIODOTHYRONINE, REVERSE TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROID DISEASE
Feely, J., Isles, T. E., Ratcliffe, W. A., et al. (1979) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb02111.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zwillich, C. W., Matthay, M. A., Potts, D. E., ROBERT, A., Hofeldt, F. D., & Weil, J. V. (1978) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-46-3-491 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kristensen, B. Ø., & Weeke, J. (1977) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1977226864 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Fekkes, D., HENNEMANN, G., & Visser, T. J. (1982) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(82)90672-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Noorden, C. J. F. V., Wiersinga, W. M., & TOUBER, J. L. (1979) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1092740 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE EFFECT OF OXPRENOLOL, ACEBUTOLOL AND PROPRANOLOL ON THYROID HORMONES IN HYPERTHYROID SUBJECTS
Jones, M. K., John, R., & JONES, G. R. (1980) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb03394.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of ??-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs in Thyroid Disease
Feely, J. (1983) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-198308010-00001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hasselgren, P.-O., Adlerberth, A., Angerås, U., & Stenström, G. (1984) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-59-5-835 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Faber, J. O., Friis, T., KIRKEGAARD, C., et al. (1979) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1092678 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Comparative trial of propranolol and practolol in hyperthyroidism.
Nelson, J. K., & McDevitt, D. (1975) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00549.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effects and plasma levels of propranolol and metoprolol in hyperthyroid patients
Nilsson, O. R., Melander, A., & Tegler, L. (1980) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00561388 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF ATENOLOL ON SERUM THYROID HORMONES IN HYPERTHYROID PATIENTS
How, J., ANDP, A. S. M. K., & BEWSHER, D. (1980) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb01056.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OFD‐ VERSUSL‐ PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Eber, O., Buchinger, W., Lindner, W. F., PETER, M. L. R., Klima, G., Langsteger, W., & Költringer, P. (1990) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00877.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Peden, N. R., Isles, T. E., Stevenson, I., et al. (1982) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01875.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Reeves, R. A., From, G. L. A., Paul, W. M., et al. (1985) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.28 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Thyrotropin (TSH) Release During Altered Adrenergic α and β Receptor Influence
Lauridsen, U. B., Faber, J., Friis, T., et al. (1976) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1095625 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A comparison of propranolol and nadolol pharmacokinetics and clinical effects in thyrotoxicosis
Wilkinson, R., & Burr, W. A. (1984) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(84)90601-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lumholtz, I. B., Faber, J. O., KIRKEGAARD, C., et al. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-6-1097 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effect of propranolol on thyroid homeostasis of healthy volunteers
Wilkins, M. R., Franklyn, J., WOODS, K. L., et al. (1985) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.61.715.391 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gibberd, M. C., & Staffurth, J. (1973) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90038-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs and thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid subjects
Jones, M. K., Birtwell, J., Owens, D. R., et al. (1981) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.57.666.207 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jørgensen, P. H., Lumholtz, L. B., Faber, J. O., et al. (1984) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1050205 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Perrild, H., Pedersen, F., Rasmussen, S. L., et al. (1984) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1050190 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The effect of β-blockade therapy on serum thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) concentration
Wilkinson, R., Kapadi, A. L., Aston, E. M., et al. (1983) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1030352 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Beylot, M., Riou, J. P., Borson‐Chazot, F., Cohen, R., Sautot, G., & Mornex, R. (1984) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(84)90091-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Adlerberth, A., JAGENBURG, R., Lindstedt, G., et al. (1986) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1986.tb01348.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beylot, M., Borson, F., David, L., et al. (1984) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(84)90123-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Acute beta-blockade changes the extracellular distribution of thyroid hormones
Kayser, L., Perrild, H., Petersen, P. H., Skovsted, L., & Hansen, J. E. M. (1990) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03349560 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
KAUR, S., Krassas, G. E., & Ramsay, I. D. (1981) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00709.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases
Razvi, S., Jabbar, A., Pingitore, A., Danzi, S., Biondi, B., Klein, I., Peeters, R., Zaman, A., & Iervasi, G. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.045 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Thyroid–Adrenergic Interactions: Physiological and Clinical Implications
Silva, J. E., & Bianco, S. D. C. (2008) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0252 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
A review of the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism
Colucci, P., Yue, C. S., Ducharme, M., Benvenga, S., Principal Scientist, L. A. C. I., Principal Scientist, L. A. C. I. A. P. C., President and CEO, L. A. C. I., & Professor of Medicine, D. (2010) · European Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2013.09.01.40 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Moura Neto, A., & Zantut-Wittmann, D. E. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2016/2157583 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Clinical and laboratory aspects of 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3)
Halsall, D. J., & Oddy, S. (2021) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/0004563220969150 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Drug effects and thyroid function
Feldt-Rasmussen, U., & Rasmussen, Å. K. (2018) · Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.96002-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- WIERSINGA, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- WIERSINGA, W.M.
- Venue
- Thyroid
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 273-277
- ISSN
- 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9077
- OpenAlex
- W1988472419
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Thyroid (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- propranolol, thyroid hormone metabolism, triiodothyronine, reverse T3, T4 to T3 conversion, 4-hydroxypropranolol, beta-blockers, thyrotoxicosis, alprenolol, membrane stabilizing activity
- MeSH terms
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Propranolol, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormones, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
