The Deiodinase Family of Selenoproteins
Abstract
The realization some forty years ago that several iodothyronine compounds are present in the circulation suggested that deiodination occurs in various tissues. Subsequently, deiodination was indeed documented in in vivo studies. Later, using in vitro assay techniques, three deiodinase processes, termed types 1, 2 and 3, were defined that differed in terms of tissue distribution, reaction kinetics, efficiency of substrate utilization and sensitivity to inhibitors. Although purification of the deiodinase enzymes has continued to be problematic, recent molecular cloning studies have identified cDNAs for these three deiodinase isoforms from multiple species. These cDNAs have provided important insights into the structural characteristics of this family of enzymes. Foremost among the structural features has been the demonstration that all three deiodinase isoforms contain at their active site the uncommon amino acid selenocysteine which is of critical importance to their catalytic activity. The availability of cDNAs for these enzymes provides important reagents for pursuing additional studies aimed at defining their biochemical features and roles in thyroid hormone economy.
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In the thyroid gland, D1 activity is under the positive control of TSH through the cAMP pathway.
“By contrast, in the thyroid gland, D1 activity is under the positive control of TSH through the cAMP pathway (St Germain & Galton 1997).”
From Administration of 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) causes central hypothyroidism and stimulates thyroid-sensitive tissues (2014) · cites this paper as St Germain & Galton 1997
Cites
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Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in human thyroid.
Salvatore, D., Tu, H., Harney, J. W., & Larsen, P. R. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118880 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
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Bianco, A. C., Salvatore, D., Gereben, B., Berry, M. J., & Larsen, P. R. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.23.1.0455 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Cellular and Molecular Basis of Deiodinase-Regulated Thyroid Hormone Signaling1
Gereben, B., Zavacki, A. M., Ribich, S., Kim, B. W., Huang, S. A., Simonides, W. S., Zeöld, A., & Bianco, A. C. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0019 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Deiodinases: implications of the local control of thyroid hormone action
Bianco, A. C., & Kim, B. W. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29812 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
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Regulation of Tissue Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activity in a Model of Prolonged Critical Illness
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Role for inner ring deiodination preventing transcutaneous passage of thyroxine
Santini, F., Vitti, P., Chiovato, L., Ceccarini, G., Macchia, M., Montanelli, L., Gatti, G., Rosellini, V., Mammoli, C., Martino, E., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021439 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
TSH may not be a good marker for adequate thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Alevizaki, M., Mantzou, E., Cimponeriu, A. T., Alevizaki, C. C., & Koutras, D. A. (2005) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-005-0421-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- GERMAIN, D. L. S., & GALTON, V. A.
- ORCID
- GALTON, VALERIE ANNE
- Venue
- Thyroid
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 655-668
- ISSN
- 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9077
- OpenAlex
- W2088413568
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Thyroid (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK042271, DK-42271)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-27706, HD09020, R01HD027706, R01HD009020)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
- Keywords
- deiodinases, selenoproteins, selenocysteine, thyroid hormone metabolism, type 2 deiodinase, type 3 deiodinase, enzyme structure, cDNA cloning, tissue distribution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cloning, Molecular, Growth, Humans, Iodide Peroxidase, Proteins, Selenium, Thyroid Hormones, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Selenoproteins
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