The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cytoplasmic Dynein, the Dynactin Complex, and Kinesin Are Interdependent and Essential for Fast Axonal Transport
Open accessAbstract
In axons, organelles move away from (anterograde) and toward (retrograde) the cell body along microtubules. Previous studies have provided compelling evidence that conventional kinesin is a major motor for anterograde fast axonal transport. It is reasonable to expect that cytoplasmic dynein is a fast retrograde motor, but relatively few tests of dynein function have been reported with neurons of intact organisms. In extruded axoplasm, antibody disruption of kinesin or the dynactin complex (a dynein activator) inhibits both retrograde and anterograde transport. We have tested the functions of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (cDhc64C) and the p150(Glued) (Glued) component of the dynactin complex with the use of genetic techniques in Drosophila. cDhc64C and Glued mutations disrupt fast organelle transport in both directions. The mutant phenotypes, larval posterior paralysis and axonal swellings filled with retrograde and anterograde cargoes, were similar to those caused by kinesin mutations. Why do specific disruptions of unidirectional motor systems cause bidirectional defects? Direct protein interactions of kinesin with dynein heavy chain and p150(Glued) were not detected. However, strong dominant genetic interactions between kinesin, dynein, and dynactin complex mutations in axonal transport were observed. The genetic interactions between kinesin and either Glued or cDhc64C mutations were stronger than those between Glued and cDhc64C mutations themselves. The shared bidirectional disruption phenotypes and the dominant genetic interactions demonstrate that cytoplasmic dynein, the dynactin complex, and conventional kinesin are interdependent in fast axonal transport.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Thus, our data is consistent with a model for bidirectional coordination in which activities of Kinesin-1 and dynein might be linked via physical contacts (Martin et al., 1999), and points to a role of KLCs in this linkage.”
From Stable kinesin and dynein assemblies drive the axonal transport of mammalian prion protein vesicles (2011) · cites this paper as Martin et al., 1999
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud · Cited by 133,589
The Genome of Drosophila Melanogaster
Lindsley, D. L., & Zimm, G. G. (1992) · Cited by 3,098
Kinesin and Dynein Superfamily Proteins and the Mechanism of Organelle Transport
Hirokawa, N. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5350.519 · Cited by 1,689
Baas, P. W., Deitch, J. S., Black, M. M., & Banker, G. A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.21.8335 · Cited by 742
Kaiser, C. A., & Schekman, R. W. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90483-u · Cited by 730
Gill, S. R., Schroer, T. A., Szilak, I., Steuer, E. R., Sheetz, M. P., & Cleveland, D. W. (1991) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.115.6.1639 · Cited by 487
The design plan of kinesin motors
Vale, R. D., & Fletterick, R. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.745 · Cited by 474
Vaughan, K. T., & Vallee, R. B. (1995) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.131.6.1507 · Cited by 469
ALLEN, R. D., Weiss, D. G., Hayden, J. H., Brown, D. T., Fujiwake, H., & Simpson, M. (1985) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.100.5.1736 · Cited by 440
Developmental Regulation of Vesicle Transport in Drosophila Embryos: Forces and Kinetics
Welte, M. A., Gross, S. P., Postner, M. A., Block, S. M., & Wieschaus, E. F. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80947-2 · Cited by 389
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bowman A.B., 1999, J. Cell. Biol., 146, 165
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Molecular Motor Toolbox for Intracellular Transport
Vale, R. D. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00111-9 · Cited by 1,982
The axonal transport of mitochondria
Saxton, W. M., & Hollenbeck, P. J. (2012) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.053850 · Cited by 1,218
Self-citationMitochondrial transport in neurons: impact on synaptic homeostasis and neurodegeneration
Sheng, Z., & Cai, Q. (2012) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3156 · Cited by 940
The axonal transport of mitochondria
Hollenbeck, P. J., & Saxton, W. M. (2005) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02745 · Cited by 771
Self-citationPilling, A. D., Horiuchi, D., Lively, C. M., & Saxton, W. M. (2006) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-06-0526 · Cited by 696
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, M., Iyadurai, S. J., Gassman, A., Gindhart, J. G., Hays, T. S., & Saxton, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Venue
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3717-3728
- ISSN
- 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4586
- PMC
- PMC25669
- OpenAlex
- W2144151547
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-44757, R01GM044757, R56GM044757, R01GM046295, GM-46295)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Hereditary Neurological Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- cytoplasmic dynein, dynactin, kinesin, fast axonal transport, anterograde transport, retrograde transport, microtubule motor proteins, dynein heavy chain, p150Glued, axonal swellings, Drosophila neurons
- MeSH terms
- Dynactin Complex, Animals, Axons, Cytoplasm, Drosophila, Dyneins, Microscopy, Electron, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Mutation, Phenotype, Precipitin Tests, Kinesins, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Video
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
