The rho-GAP encoded by BEM2 regulates cytoskeletal structure in budding yeast.

Wang, T; Bretscher, A

doi:10.1091/mbc.6.8.1011

Cited by 64Fungal and yeast genetics researchMicrotubule and mitosis dynamicsCellular Mechanics and Interactions

The rho-GAP encoded by BEM2 regulates cytoskeletal structure in budding yeast.

Open access

Wang, T, Bretscher, A·1995·Molecular Biology of the Cell

DOI 10.1091/mbc.6.8.1011PMC PMC301259

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Microfilaments are required for polarized growth and morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To accomplish this, actin cables and patches are redistributed during the cell cycle to direct secretory components to appropriate sites for cell growth. A major component of actin cables is tropomyosin I, encoded by TPM1, that determines or stabilizes these structures. Disruption of TPM1 is not lethal but results in the loss of actin cables and confers a partial defect in polarized secretion. Using a synthetic lethal screen, we have identified seven mutations residing in six genes whose products are required in the absence of Tpm1p. Each mutant exhibited a morphological defect, suggesting a functional link to the actin cytoskeleton. Complementation cloning of one mutation revealed that it lies in BEM2, which encodes a GTPase-activating protein for the RHO1 product. bem2 mutations also show synthetic lethality with rho1 and mutations in certain other cytoskeletal genes (ACT1, MYO1, MYO2, and SAC6) but not with mutations in several noncytoskeletal genes. These data therefore provide a genetic link between the GAP encoded by BEM2 and the functional organization of microfilaments. In addition, we show that bem2 mutations confer benomyl sensitivity and have abnormal microtubule arrays, suggesting that the BEM2 product may also be involved directly or indirectly in regulating microtubule function.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1091/mbc.6.8.1011

Cites

74 of 74 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Bem2 in S. cerevisiae acts as a GAP for Rho1 and is implicated in antifungal sensitivity, actin cytoskeleton organization, and bud emergence.
“Bem2 in S. cerevisiae acts as a GAP for Rho1 and is implicated in antifungal sensitivity (assumed to be due to increased permeability of the cell surface), actin cytoskeleton organization, and bud emergence (35,36).”
From The Rho1 GTPase-activating protein CgBem2 is required for survival of azole stress in Candida glabrata (2011) · cites this paper as [36]

Calcium's Role in Mechanotransduction during Muscle Development
Damm, T. B., & Egli, M. (2014) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000356667 · Cited by 14,548 · see citing works
A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Sikorski, R. S., & Hieter, P. (1989) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/122.1.19 · Cited by 8,685 · see citing works
Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations
Ito, H., Fukuda, Y., Murata, K., & Kimura, A. (1983) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983 · Cited by 7,518 · see citing works
Getting started with yeast
Sherman, F. (1991) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(91)94004-v · Cited by 4,078 · see citing works
[12] One-step gene disruption in yeast
Rothstein, R. J. (1983) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(83)01015-0 · Cited by 3,282 · see citing works
A positive selection for mutants lacking orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase activity in yeast: 5-fluoro-orotic acid resistance
Boeke, J. D., Lacroute, F., & Fink, G. R. (1984) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/bf00330984 · Cited by 2,354 · see citing works
ACTIN AND ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS. A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MECHANISMS AND FUNCTIONS
Pollard, T. D., & Cooper, J. A. (1986) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005011 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
High-frequency transformation of yeast: autonomous replication of hybrid DNA molecules.
Struhl, K., Stinchcomb, D. T., Scherer, S., & Davis, R. W. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.3.1035 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Yeast/E. coli shuttle vectors with multiple unique restriction sites
Hill, J. E., Myers, A. M., Koerner, T. J., & Tzagoloff, A. (1986) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/yea.320020304 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic plasmid bank based on a centromere-containing shuttle vector
Rose, M. D., Novick, P., Thomas, J. H., Botstein, D., & Fink, G. R. (1987) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90232-0 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
[17] Isolation of microgram quantities of proteins from polyacrylamide gels for amino acid sequence analysis
Hunkapiller, M. W., Lujan, E., Ostrander, F., & Hood, L. (1983) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(83)91019-4 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Relationship of actin and tubulin distribution to bud growth in wild-type and morphogenetic-mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Adams, A. E., & Pringle, J. R. (1984) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.98.3.934 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Small GTP-Binding Proteins and the Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton
Hall, A. (1994) · Annual Review of Cell Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.000335 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Structural rearrangements of tubulin and actin during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces.
Kilmartin, J. V., & Adams, A. E. (1984) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.98.3.922 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Control of muscle contraction
Ebashi, S., Endo, M., & Ohtsuki, I. (1969) · Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics · doi:10.1017/s0033583500001190 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Cytoskeleton—Plasma Membrane Interactions
Luna, E. J., & Hitt, A. L. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1439807 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Behavior of spindles and spindle plaques in the cell cycle and conjugation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Byers, B., & Goetsch, L. (1975) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.124.1.511-523.1975 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
CDC42 and CDC43, two additional genes involved in budding and the establishment of cell polarity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Adams, A. E., Johnson, D. I., Longnecker, R., Sloat, B. F., & Pringle, J. R. (1990) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.111.1.131 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Nonmuscle Actin-Binding Proteins
Stossel, T. P., Chaponnier, C., Ezzell, R. M., Hartwig, J. H., Janmey, P. A., Kwiatkowski, D. J., Lind, S. E., Smith, D. B., Southwick, F. S., Yin, H. L., et al. (1985) · Annual Review of Cell Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.01.110185.002033 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Chapter 19 Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for Yeast
Pringle, J. R., Preston, R. A., Adams, A. E. M., Stearns, T., Drubin, D. G., Haarer, B. K., & Jones, E. W. (1989) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61620-9 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Morphogenesis in the yeast cell cycle: regulation by Cdc28 and cyclins.
Lew, D. J., & Reed, S. I. (1993) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.120.6.1305 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO2 gene encodes an essential myosin for vectorial transport of vesicles.
Johnston, G. C., Prendergast, J. A., & Singer, R. A. (1991) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.113.3.539 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
From signal to pseudopod
Stossel, T. P. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51454-x · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Use of a screen for synthetic lethal and multicopy suppressee mutants to identify two new genes involved in morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Bender, A., & Pringle, J. R. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.11.3.1295 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Functions of microtubules in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.
Jacobs, C. W., Adams, A. E., Szaniszlo, P. J., & Pringle, J. R. (1988) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.107.4.1409 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Multicopy suppression of the cdc24 budding defect in yeast by CDC42 and three newly identified genes including the ras-related gene RSR1.
Bender, A., & Pringle, J. R. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.9976 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
The molecular basis for tropomyosin isoform diversity
Lees‐Miller, J. P., & Helfman, D. M. (1991) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.950130902 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Cellular morphogenesis in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle: localization of the CDC3 gene product and the timing of events at the budding site.
Kim, H. B., Haarer, B. K., & Pringle, J. R. (1991) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.112.4.535 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Systematic mutational analysis of the yeast ACT1 gene.
Wertman, K. F., Drubin, D. G., & Botstein, D. (1992) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/132.2.337 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Isolation and characterization of chromosome-gain and increase-in-ploidy mutants in yeast.
Chan, C. S. M., & Botstein, D. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/135.3.677 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Role of astral microtubules and actin in spindle orientation and migration in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Palmer, R. E., Sullivan, D. S., Huffaker, T. C., & Koshland, D. E. (1992) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.119.3.583 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Yeast actin-binding proteins: evidence for a role in morphogenesis.
Drubin, D. G., Miller, K. G., & Botstein, D. (1988) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2551 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Genetic analysis of the mitotic transmission of minichromosomes
Koshland, D. E. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90153-9 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Lethal Disruption of the Yeast Actin Gene by Integrative DNA Transformation
Shortle, D., Haber, J. E., & Botstein, D. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7046050 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Synthetic-lethal interactions identify two novel genes, SLA1 and SLA2, that control membrane cytoskeleton assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Holtzman, D., Yang, S., & Drubin, D. G. (1993) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.122.3.635 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Control of the yeast bud-site assembly GTPase Cdc42. Catalysis of guanine nucleotide exchange by Cdc24 and stimulation of GTPase activity by Bem3.
Zheng, Y., Cerione, R. A., & Bender, A. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41953-3 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Immunofluorescence Localization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC12 Gene Product to the Vicinity of the 10-nm Filaments in the Mother-Bud Neck
Haarer, B. K., & Pringle, J. R. (1987) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.7.10.3678 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Microfilament Structure and Function in the Cortical Cytoskeleton
Bretscher, A. P. (1991) · Annual Review of Cell Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.07.110191.002005 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citation
Characterization of two members of the rho gene family from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Madaule, P., Axel, R., & Myers, A. M. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.3.779 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Development of cell polarity in budding yeast
Drubin, D. G. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90001-f · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Disruption of the single tropomyosin gene in yeast results in the disappearance of actin cables from the cytoskeleton
Liu, H., & Bretscher, A. P. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90961-6 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citation
GAPs for rho-related GTPases
Lamarche, N., & Hall, A. (1994) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(94)90114-7 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Growth site localization of Rho1 small GTP-binding protein and its involvement in bud formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Yamochi, W., Tanaka, K., Nonaka, H., Maeda, A., Musha, T., & Takai, Y. (1994) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.125.5.1077 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Requirement of yeast fimbrin for actin organization and morphogenesis in vivo
Adams, A. E. M., Botstein, D., & Drubin, D. G. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354404a0 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Suppression of a myosin defect by a kinesin-related gene
Lillie, S. H., & Brown, S. S. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356358a0 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The SPA2 protein of yeast localizes to sites of cell growth.
Snyder, M. (1989) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.108.4.1419 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Cellular morphogenesis in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle: Localization of the CDC11 gene product and the timing of events at the budding site
Ford, S. K., & Pringle, J. R. (1991) · Developmental Genetics · doi:10.1002/dvg.1020120405 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Interactions between the bud emergence proteins Bem1p and Bem2p and Rho-type GTPases in yeast.
Peterson, J., Zheng, Y., Bender, L., Myers, A., Cerione, R., & Bender, A. (1994) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.127.5.1395 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The yeast MYO1 gene encoding a myosin‐like protein required for cell division.
Watts, F. Z., Shiels, G., & Orr, E. (1987) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02675.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
High Efficiency Transformation of Intact Yeast Cells by Electric Field Pulses
Meilhoc, E., Masson, J., & Teissié, J. (1990) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0390-223 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Use of a Screen for Synthetic Lethal and Multicopy Suppressee Mutants To Identify Two New Genes Involved in Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Bender, A., & Pringle, J. R. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.11.3.1295-1305.1991 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Components required for cytokinesis are important for bud site selection in yeast
Flescher, E., Madden, K. T., & Snyder, M. (1993) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.373 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
A chicken-yeast chimeric β-tubulin protein is incorporated into mouse microtubules in vivo
Bond, J. F., Fridovich‐Keil, J. L., Pillus, L., Mulligan, R. C., & Solomon, F. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90467-8 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Characterization of TPM1 disrupted yeast cells indicates an involvement of tropomyosin in directed vesicular transport.
Liu, H., & Bretscher, A. P. (1992) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.118.2.285 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citation
Yeast RHO3 and RHO4 ras superfamily genes are necessary for bud growth, and their defect is suppressed by a high dose of bud formation genes CDC42 and BEM1.
Matsui, Y., & Toh‐e, A. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.12.5690 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Tropomyosin is essential in yeast, yet the TPM1 and TPM2 products perform distinct functions.
Drees, B., Brown, C. N., BARRELL, B. G., & Bretscher, A. P. (1995) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.128.3.383 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identification of MYO4, a second class V myosin gene in yeast
Haarer, B. K., Petzold, A., Lillie, S. H., & Brown, S. S. (1994) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.107.4.1055 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The yeast actin cytoskeleton
Welch, M. D., Holtzman, D. A., & Drubin, D. G. (1994) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/0955-0674(94)90124-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Systematic mutational analysis of the yeast beta-tubulin gene.
Pera, R. A. R., Cooper, E., Beagle, G. J., & Huffaker, T. C. (1994) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.5.1.29 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Immunofluorescence Localization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC12 Gene Product to the Vicinity of the 10-nm Filaments in the Mother-Bud Neck
Haarer, B. K., & Pringle, J. R. (1987) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.7.10.3678-3687.1987 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Control of cellular morphogenesis by the Ip12/Bem2 GTPase-activating protein: possible role of protein phosphorylation.
Kim, Y., Francisco, L., Chen, G. C., Marcotte, E. M., & Chan, C. S. M. (1994) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.127.5.1381 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Biochemical comparisons of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bem2 and Bem3 proteins. Delineation of a limit Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein domain.
Zheng, Y., Hart, M. J., Shinjo, K., Evans, T., Bender, A., & Cerione, R. A. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74512-8 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Isolation and characterization of two novel ras superfamily genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Matsui, Y., & Toh‐e, A. (1992) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90705-t · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Yeast RHO3 and RHO4 ras Superfamily Genes Are Necessary for Bud Growth, and Their Defect Is Suppressed by a High Dose of Bud Formation Genes CDC42 and BEM1
Matsui, Y., & Toh‐e, A. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.12.5690-5699.1992 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
STU1, a suppressor of a beta-tubulin mutation, encodes a novel and essential component of the yeast mitotic spindle.
Pasqualone, D., & Huffaker, T. C. (1994) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.127.6.1973 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
What are the basic functions of microfilaments? Insights from studies in budding yeast.
Bretscher, A. P., Drees, B., Harsay, E., Schott, D. H., & Wang, T. (1994) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.126.4.821 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
Purification of tropomyosin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of related proteins in Schizosaccharomyces and Physarum.
Liu, H. P., & Bretscher, A. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.1.90 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Analyses of the Cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Solomon, F. (1991) · Annual Review of Cell Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.07.110191.003221 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mutations that enhance the cap2 null mutant phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae affect the actin cytoskeleton, morphogenesis and pattern of growth.
Karpova, T., Lepetit, M., & Cooper, J. A. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/135.3.693 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Genetic evidence for functional interactions between actin noncomplementing (Anc) gene products and actin cytoskeletal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Vinh, D. B. N., Welch, M. D., Corsi, A. K., Wertman, K. F., & Drubin, D. G. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/135.2.275 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The cytoskeleton of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Barnes, G., Drubin, D. G., & Stearns, T. (1990) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(05)80040-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Actin Constitution: Guaranteeing the Right to Assemble
Wertman, K. F., & Drubin, D. G. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1439782 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Identification of an actin-like protein and of its messenger ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Water, R. D., Pringle, J. R., & Kleinsmith, L. J. (1980) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.144.3.1143-1151.1980 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
[30] Cloning and analyzing genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Huffaker, T. C., & Bretscher, A. P. (1991) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(91)96032-m · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts
Hohmann, S. (2002) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.66.2.300-372.2002 · Cited by 1,773 · see citing works
Origins of Cell Polarity
Drubin, D. G., & Nelson, W. J. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81278-7 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
MAP Kinase Pathways in the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Gustin, M., Albertyn, J., Alexander, M., & Davenport, K. (1998) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.62.4.1264-1300.1998 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
The ethanol stress response and ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Stanley, D., Bandara, A., Fraser, S., Chambers, P. J., & Stanley, G. A. (2010) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04657.x · Cited by 436 · see citing works
A family of genes required for maintenance of cell wall integrity and for the stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Verna, J., Lodder, A., Lee, K., Vagts, A. J., & Ballester, R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13804 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
CELL POLARITY AND MORPHOGENESIS IN BUDDING YEAST
Madden, K. T., & Snyder, M. P. (1998) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.687 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
1996: A vintage year for yeast and Yeast
Goffeau, A. (1996) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199612)12:16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Motifs, themes and thematic maps of an integrated Saccharomyces cerevisiaeinteraction network
Zhang, L. V., King, O. D., Wong, S. L., Goldberg, D. S., Tong, A. H., Lesage, G., Andrews, B., Bussey, H., Boone, C. M., & Roth, F. P. (2005) · Journal of Biology · doi:10.1186/jbiol23 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Tropomyosin Isoforms in Nonmuscle Cells
Lin, J. J., Warren, K. S., Wamboldt, D. D., Wang, T., & Lin, J. L. (1997) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61619-8 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Yeast Gene, MDM20, Is Necessary for Mitochondrial Inheritance and Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton
Hermann, G. J., King, E. J., & Shaw, J. M. (1997) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.137.1.141 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The Cdc42 GTPase-associated proteins Gic1 and Gic2 are required for polarized cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiaePreprint
Chen, G.-C., Kim, Y.-J., & Chan, C. S. M. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.22.2958 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Cell polarization in budding and fission yeasts
Martin, S. G., & Arkowitz, R. A. (2013) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12055 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
TGN38 and its orthologues: roles in post-TGN vesicle formation and maintenance of TGN morphology
Banting, G. S., & Ponnambalam, S. (1997) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(96)00146-2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Epsin N-terminal homology domains perform an essential function regulating Cdc42 through binding Cdc42 GTPase-activating proteins
Aguilar, R. C., Longhi, S. A., Shaw, J. D., Yeh, L.-Y., Kim, S. T., Schön, A., Freire, E., Hsu, A., McCormick, W. K., Watson, H. A., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510513103 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Actin-binding Verprolin Is a Polarity Development Protein Required for the Morphogenesis and Function of the Yeast Actin Cytoskeleton
Vaduva, G., Martín, N. C. R., & Hopper, A. K. (1997) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.139.7.1821 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Osmotic adaptation in yeast-control of the yeast osmolyte system
Hohmann, S. (2002) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(02)15008-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Divalent Cations and Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Cooperate to Control Assembly and Activity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Complex
Kan, M., Wang, F., Kan, M., To, B., Gabriel, J. L., & McKeehan, W. L. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.42.26143 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Type 2A Protein Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit Reveal Roles in Cell Wall Integrity, Actin Cytoskeleton Organization and Mitosis
Evans, D. R., & Stark, M. J. R. (1997) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/145.2.227 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Phosphorylation of Bem2p and Bem3p may contribute to local activation of Cdc42p at bud emergence
Knaus, M., Gulli, M., van Drogen, F., Springer, S., Jaquenoud, M., & Peter, M. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601873 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Rho-GEF Rom2p Localizes to Sites of Polarized Cell Growth and Participates in Cytoskeletal Functions inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Manning, B. D., Padmanabha, R., & Snyder, M. P. (1997) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.8.10.1829 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Yeast Centrin, Cdc31p, and the Interacting Protein Kinase, Kic1p, Are Required for Cell Integrity
Sullivan, D. S., Biggins, S., & Rose, M. D. (1998) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.143.3.751 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Yeast Ser/Thr Phosphatases Sit4 and Ppz1 Play Opposite Roles in Regulation of the Cell Cycle
Clotet, J., Garí, E., Aldea, M., & Ariño, J. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.3.2408 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ras Regulates the Polarity of the Yeast Actin Cytoskeleton through the Stress Response Pathway
Ho, J., & Bretscher, A. P. (2001) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.12.6.1541 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Small Conserved Domain in the Yeast Spa2p Is Necessary and Sufficient for Its Polarized Localization
Arkowitz, R. A., & Lowe, N. (1997) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.138.1.17 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Inhibition of Cdc42 during mitotic exit is required for cytokinesis
Atkins, B. D., Yoshida, S., Saito, K., Wu, C.-F., Lew, D. J., & Pellman, D. S. (2013) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201301090 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Control of reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by Rho family small GTP-binding proteins in yeast
Tanaka, K., & Takai, Y. (1998) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(98)80093-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Sit4 Is Required for Proper Modulation of the Biological Functions Mediated by Pkc1 and the Cell Integrity Pathway inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
de la Torre-Ruiz, M. Á., Torres‐Rosell, J., Ariño, J., & Herrero, E. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m203515200 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Genome-wide Analysis of Iron-dependent Growth Reveals a Novel Yeast Gene Required for Vacuolar Acidification
Davis-Kaplan, S. R., Ward, D. M., Shiflett, S. L., & Kaplan, J. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m310680200 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Determination of cell polarity in germinated spores and hyphal tips of the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii requires a rhoGAP homolog
Wendland, J., & Philippsen, P. (2000) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.113.9.1611 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
ACTIN: General Principles from Studies in Yeast
Ayscough, K. R., & Drubin, D. G. (1996) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.129 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The RHO1‐GAPs SAC7, BEM2 and BAG7 control distinct RHO1 functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Schmidt, A., Schmelzle, T., & Hall, M. N. (2002) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03110.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Vertebrate Unconventional Myosins
Hasson, T., & Mooseker, M. S. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.28.16431 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Functional characterization of the Bag7, Lrg1 and Rgd2 RhoGAP proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Roumanie, O., Weinachter, C., Larrieu, I., Crouzet, M., & Doignon, F. (2001) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02906-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bni1p Regulates Microtubule-Dependent Nuclear Migration through the Actin Cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Fujiwara, T., Tanaka, K., Inoue, E., Kikyo, M., & Takai, Y. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.12.8016 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Homologues of yeast polarity genes control the development of multinucleated hyphae in Ashbya gossypii
Philippsen, P., Kaufmann, A. M., & Schmitz, H. (2005) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
RhoGAPs and RhoGDIs, (His)stories of Two Families
Zalcman, G., Dorseuil, O., Ranea, J. A. G., Gâcon, G., & Camonis, J. (1999) · Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58591-3_5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Comparison of Cell Wall Localization among Pir Family Proteins and Functional Dissection of the Region Required for Cell Wall Binding and Bud Scar Recruitment of Pir1p
Sumita, T., Yoko‐o, T., Shimma, Y., & Jigami, Y. (2005) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.4.11.1872-1881.2005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Rho1 GTPase-activating protein CgBem2 is required for survival of azole stress in Candida glabrata
Borah, S., Shivarathri, R., & Kaur, R. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.264671 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Rho‐GAP Bem2p plays a GAP‐independent role in the morphogenesis checkpoint
Marquitz, A. R., Harrison, J. C., Bose, I., Zyla, T. R., McMillan, J. N., & Lew, D. J. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf416 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Dictyostelium genome encodes numerous RasGEFs with multiple biological roles
Wilkins, A., Szafranski, K., Fraser, D. J., Bakthavatsalam, D., Müller, R., Fisher, P. R., Glöckner, G., Eichinger, L., Noegel, A. A., & Insall, R. H. (2005) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-8-r68 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The yeast Rgd1p is a GTPase activating protein of the Rho3 and Rho4 proteins
Doignon, F., Weinachter, C., Roumanie, O., & Crouzet, M. (1999) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01293-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A mutation in the Rho1-GAP-encoding gene BEM2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects morphogenesis and cell wall functionality
Cid, V. J., Cenamor, R., Sánchez, M., & Nombela, C. (1998) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-144-1-25 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The LIM Domain-Containing Dbm1 GTPase-Activating Protein Is Required for Normal Cellular Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Chen, G.-C., Li, Z., & Chan, C. S. M. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.4.1376 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Control of Polarized Growth by the Rho Family GTPase Rho4 in Budding Yeast: Requirement of the N-Terminal Extension of Rho4 and Regulation by the Rho GTPase-Activating Protein Bem2
Gong, T., Liao, Y., He, F., Yang, Y., Yang, D., Chen, X., & Gao, X. (2012) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00277-12 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Disruption of fungal cell wall by antifungalEchinaceaextracts
Mir-Rashed, N., Cruz, I., Jessulat, M., Dumontier, M., Chesnais, C., Juliana, N. G., Amiguet, V. T., Golshani, A., Arnason, J. T., & Smith, M. L. (2010) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.3109/13693781003767584 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The alpha‐factor receptor C‐terminus is important for mating projection formation and orientation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Vallier, L. G., Segall, J. E., & Snyder, M. P. (2002) · Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.10073 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Suppressors of mdm20 in Yeast Identify New Alleles of ACT1 and TPM1 Predicted to Enhance Actin-Tropomyosin Interactions
Singer, J., Hermann, G. J., & Shaw, J. M. (2000) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/156.2.523 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Transcriptomic analysis of the role of Rim101/PacC in the adaptation of Ustilago maydis to an alkaline environment
Franco-Frías, E., Ruíz-Herrera, J., & Aréchiga‐Carvajal, E. T. (2014) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.076216-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The PXL1 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Encodes a Paxillin-like Protein Functioning in Polarized Cell Growth
Mackin, N. A., Sousou, T. J., & Erdman, S. E. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-01-0004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Evidence for the genetic interaction between the actin‐binding protein Vrp1 and the RhoGAP Rgd1 mediated through Rho3p and Rho4p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Roumanie, O., Peypouquet, M., Bonneu, M., Thoraval, D. H., Doignon, F., & Crouzet, M. (2000) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01958.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Putative RhoGAP proteins orchestrate vegetative growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Ye, W., Chen, X., Zhong, Z., Chen, M., Shi, L., Zheng, H., Lin, Y., Zhang, D., Lu, G., Li, G., et al. (2014) · Fungal Genetics and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2014.03.008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
RGD1 genetically interacts withMID2 andSLG1, encoding two putative sensors for cell integrity signalling inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
de Bettignies, G., Barthe, C., Morel, C., Peypouquet, M., Doignon, F., & Crouzet, M. (1999) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199912)15:16 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
First characterization of the gene RGD1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Barthe, C., de Bettignies, G., Louvet, O., Peypouquet, M., Morel, C., Doignon, F., & Crouzet, M. (1998) · Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie · doi:10.1016/s0764-4469(98)80776-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ras and Rho small G Proteins: Insights from the Schizophyllum commune genome sequence and comparisons to other fungi
Raudaskoski, M., Kothe, E., Fowler, T. J., Jung, E., & Horton, S. J. (2012) · Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews · doi:10.5661/bger-28-61 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A new family of yeast vectors and S288C‐derived strains for the systematic analysis of gene function
Tomlin, G. C., Wixon, J., Bolotin‐Fukuhara, M., & Oliver, S. G. (2001) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/yea.703 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dosage rescue by UBC4 restores cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the myosin type II gene MYO1
Díaz‐Blanco, N. L., & Rodríguez-Medina, J. R. (2007) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/yea.1481 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Resinless section electron microscopy reveals the yeast cytoskeleton
Penman, J., & Penman, S. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3732 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Compensation for the absence of the catalytically active half of DNA polymerase ε in yeast by positively selected mutations in CDC28
Stepchenkova, E. I., Zhuk, A. S., Cui, J., Tarakhovskaya, E., Barbari, S. R., Shcherbakova, P. V., Polev, D. E., Fedorov, R., Poliakov, E., Rogozin, I. B., et al. (2021) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyab060 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Control of Cell Polarity and Shape
Sheu, Y.-J., & Snyder, M. P. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06101-5_2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Integrative Phosphoproteomic and Proteomic Analysis of Candida albicans Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Arribas, V., Borrajo, A., Hernáez, M. L., Martínez, R., Monteoliva, L., Gil, C., & Molero, G. (2025) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00137 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
BEM2, a RHO GTPase Activating Protein That Regulates Morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae, Is a Downstream Effector of Fungicidal Action of Fludioxonil
Sharma, A., Martoliya, Y., & Mondal, A. K. (2022) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof8070754 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Induction of a Mitosis Delay and Cell Lysis by High-Level Secretion of Mouse α-Amylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Wang, B., & Kuo, T. (2001) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.67.8.3693-3701.2001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Using S. cerevisiae genetic array technologies to understand mode of action of ethobotanical mycotics
Mir-Rashed, N. (2007) · doi:10.22215/etd/2007-06518
Role of Knr4 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae morphogenesis and sensitivity to Killer toxin K9 : localization versus Phosphorylation
Liu, R. (2015) · doi:10.70675/8982a381z45fdz4959z8bf4z900c20fc96d5

A mutation in the Rho1-GAP-encoding gene BEM2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects morphogenesis and cell wall functionality
Cid, V. J., Cenamor, R., Sánchez, M., & Nombela, C. (1998) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-144-1-25 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mutations Synthetically Lethal With tpm1Δ Lie in Genes Involved in Morphogenesis
Wang, T., & Bretscher, A. P. (1997) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/147.4.1595 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Control of cellular morphogenesis by the Ip12/Bem2 GTPase-activating protein: possible role of protein phosphorylation.
Kim, Y., Francisco, L., Chen, G. C., Marcotte, E. M., & Chan, C. S. M. (1994) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.127.5.1381 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Rho‐GAP Bem2p plays a GAP‐independent role in the morphogenesis checkpoint
Marquitz, A. R., Harrison, J. C., Bose, I., Zyla, T. R., McMillan, J. N., & Lew, D. J. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf416 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Localisation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rho1p GTPase and its involvement in the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton
Arellano, M., Durán, Á., & Pérez, P. (1997) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.110.20.2547 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Authors: Wang, T., & Bretscher, A.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
ORCID: Bretscher, A
Venue: Molecular Biology of the Cell
Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
Published: 1995-08
Volume: 6
Issue: 8
Pages: 1011-1024
ISSN: 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
1939-4586
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.6.8.1011
PMC: PMC301259
OpenAlex: W2169811658
Cited by: 64
References: 73
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
National Institutes of Health (1f32gm017018-01)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-39066, 1F32GM-17018, R01GM039066)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Keywords: RhoGAP, Rho1, actin cytoskeleton, F-actin, actin cables, TPM1, polarized secretion, cell morphogenesis, synthetic lethality, benomyl sensitivity, microtubules, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MeSH terms: Actins, Benomyl, Cytoskeleton, Fungal Proteins, Genes, Fungal, Genes, Lethal, Genetic Complementation Test, Actin Cytoskeleton, Microtubules, Mutation, Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Temperature, Tropomyosin, Signal Transduction, GTP-Binding Proteins, GTPase-Activating Proteins, rho GTP-Binding Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The rho-GAP encoded by BEM2 regulates cytoskeletal structure in budding yeast.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks