The DOI matches its Crossref record.
European Agencies: Law and Practices of Accountability
Abstract
European agencies have been created at a rapid pace in recent years in a multitude of highly pertinent and sensitive fields ranging from pharmaceuticals and aviation safety to chemicals or financial supervision. This agency phenomenon shows no signs of relenting, and the trend in recent years is towards the delegation of ever-broader powers. These bodies, meant to operate at arm's length from political control, have real power and their opinions and decisions can have a direct impact on individuals, regulators, and member states. Given the powers wielded by the agencies, who is responsible for holding these non-majoritarian actors to account? Is the growing concern surrounding agency accountability ‘much ado about nothing’ or are we faced with the threat of a powerful and unaccountable bureaucracy? These are precisely the questions that this book seeks to answer. It thus addresses one of the most relevant topics in current European governance: the accountability of European agencies. Scholars have increasingly called attention to the risk of placing too much power in the hands of such agencies, which operate at arm's length from traditional controls and cannot easily be held accountable for their actions. Although this is a major issue of concern, systematic empirical research into the topic is lacking. This book addresses empirically whether, and if so on what counts, agency accountability is problematic. It examines how the accountability system of European agencies operates at both the de jure as well as the de facto level, through an examination of legal provisions, relevant case law as well as policy documents and extensive interview material. Reflecting on these findings, the book also offers important theoretical insights for our understanding and study of accountability in a complex regulatory regime such as the EU context.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Negative outcomes invite accountability demands, whereas favorable outcomes may discourage forums from challenging decisions, even if flawed (Brandsma and Schillemans 2012;Busuioc 2013).”
From Holding AI Accountable Like Herding Cats: The Contingent Impact on the Legitimacy of Algorithmic Bureaucracy (2026) · cites this paper as Busuioc 2013
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Reputational Basis of Public Accountability
Busuioc, M., & Lodge, M. (2015) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12161 · Cited by 325
Self-citationReputation and Accountability Relationships: Managing Accountability Expectations through Reputation
Busuioc, M., & Lodge, M. C. (2016) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12612 · Cited by 207
Self-citationFRIEND OR FOE? INTER‐AGENCY COOPERATION, ORGANIZATIONAL REPUTATION, AND TURF
Busuioc, M. (2015) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.12160 · Cited by 202
Self-citationDemocratic Order, Autonomy, and Accountability
Olsen, J. P. (2015) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12158 · Cited by 206
Buhmann, A., Paßmann, J., & Fieseler, C. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-019-04226-4 · Cited by 167
Researching European Union Agencies: What Have We Learnt (and Where Do We Go from Here)?
Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (2017) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.12525 · Cited by 166
Schillemans, T. (2015) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2015.1112423 · Cited by 142
Building E uropean U nion capacity to manage transboundary crises: Network or lead‐agency model?
Boin, A., Busuioc, M., & Groenleer, M. (2013) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12035 · Cited by 126
Self-citationA Multidimensional Reputation Barometer for Public Agencies: A Validated Instrument
Overman, S., Busuioc, M., & Wood, M. (2020) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13158 · Cited by 104
Self-citationRimkutė, D. (2019) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12438 · Cited by 92
EU health policy in the aftermath of COVID-19: neofunctionalism and crisis-driven integration
Brooks, E., RUIJTER, A. D., Greer, S. L., & Rozenblum, S. D. (2022) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2022.2141301 · Cited by 83
The promise of bureaucratic reputation approaches for the EU regulatory state
Busuioc, M., & Rimkutė, D. (2019) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2019.1679227 · Cited by 65
Self-citationBusuioc, M., & Rimkutė, D. (2019) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2019.1603248 · Cited by 61
Self-citationInterest group representation in the formal design of European Union agencies
Pérez‐Durán, I. (2017) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12150 · Cited by 50
Groenleer, M. (2014) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2014.905416 · Cited by 49
The European Parliament oversight of EU agencies through written questions
Font, N., & Pérez‐Durán, I. (2015) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2015.1076875 · Cited by 45
Updating public accountability: a conceptual framework of voluntary accountability
de Boer, T. (2021) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2021.2006973 · Cited by 42
Aligning accountability arrangements for ambiguous goals: the case of museums
Overman, S. (2020) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2020.1722210 · Cited by 42
The challenges of cybercrime governance in the European Union
Christou, G. (2018) · European Politics and Society · doi:10.1080/23745118.2018.1430722 · Cited by 38
Mapping EU agencies as political entrepreneurs
Wood, M. (2017) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12232 · Cited by 37
EU agencies’ stakeholder bodies: vehicles of enhanced control, legitimacy or bias?
Busuioc, M., & Jevnaker, T. (2020) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1821750 · Cited by 29
Self-citationRimkutė, D., & van der Voet, J. (2023) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13749 · Cited by 34
Institutional Path‐Dependencies in Europe's Networked Modes of Governance
Boeger, N., & Corkin, J. (2017) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.12546 · Cited by 34
The Emerging Architecture of EU Asylum Policy
Tsourdi, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108755641.008 · Cited by 31
The ‘Europeanisation’ of Data Protection Law
Lynskey, O. (2016) · Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies · doi:10.1017/cel.2016.15 · Cited by 25
Kostadinova, P. (2015) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.12245 · Cited by 24
The Principal–Agent Model, Accountability and Democratic Legitimacy
Brandsma, G. J., & Adriaensen, J. (2017) · Palgrave studies in European Union politics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55137-1_2 · Cited by 25
Mapping out the institutional geography of external security in the EU
Steindler, C. (2015) · European Security · doi:10.1080/09662839.2015.1028187 · Cited by 23
Political and stakeholder’s ties in European Union agencies
Pérez‐Durán, I. (2017) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2017.1375545 · Cited by 22
Eriksen, A., & Katsaitis, A. (2020) · Public Policy and Administration · doi:10.1177/0952076720977606 · Cited by 24
Fahey, E. (2014) · European Journal of Risk Regulation · doi:10.1017/s1867299x00002944 · Cited by 21
Pragmatism and the Limits to the European Parliament’s Strategies for Self-Empowerment
Closa, C., de León, F. G., & Hernández, G. (2021) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.v9i3.4243 · Cited by 20
Accountability in the post-Lisbon European Union
Brandsma, G. J., Heidbreder, E. G., & Mastenbroek, E. (2016) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/0020852316663312 · Cited by 19
Yesilkagit, K., & Jordana, J. (2022) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2022.2103170 · Cited by 18
Why do public agencies seek accountability? The role of audiences
de Boer, T. (2022) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.12859 · Cited by 18
Krick, E., & Holst, C. (2018) · European Politics and Society · doi:10.1080/23745118.2018.1515866 · Cited by 20
Jordana, J., & Triviño‐Salazar, J. C. (2020) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.12652 · Cited by 18
In the Aftermath of the Crisis – The EU Administrative System Between Impediments and Momentum
Chiti, E. (2015) · Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies · doi:10.1017/cel.2015.14 · Cited by 17
The Principle of Institutional (Un)Balance after Lisbon
Gabbi, S. (2014) · European Journal of Risk Regulation · doi:10.1017/s1867299x00003718 · Cited by 16
Agency Governance in the European Union's Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
Kaunert, C., Léonard, S., & Occhipinti, J. D. (2013) · Perspectives on European Politics and Society · doi:10.1080/15705854.2013.817806 · Cited by 16
Cappellina, B., Ausfelder, A., Eick, A., MESPOULET, R., Hartlapp, M., Saurugger, S., & Terpan, F. (2022) · European Union Politics · doi:10.1177/14651165221111985 · Cited by 17
Accountability and the Multidimensional Mandate
Eriksen, A. (2020) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912920906880 · Cited by 26
Dionigi, M. K. (2020) · Journal of Legislative Studies · doi:10.1080/13572334.2020.1730478 · Cited by 14
Accountability and Affective Styles in Administrative Reporting: The Case of UNRWA, 1951–2020
Patz, R., Thorvaldsdottir, S., & Goetz, K. H. (2021) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muab024 · Cited by 14
Policy properties and political influence in post-delegation: the case of EU agencies
Font, N. (2015) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/0020852314558037 · Cited by 13
Dionigi, M. K., & Koop, C. E. (2019) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2019.1572315 · Cited by 12
Inductive Risk and the Legitimacy of Non-Majoritarian Institutions
Fjørtoft, T. N. (2023) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123423000200 · Cited by 11
Explaining accountability for public policies: an fsQCA analysis of health policy in Spain
Pérez‐Durán, I., & Menés, J. R. (2015) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773915000405 · Cited by 10
The European Banking Authority
Beroš, M. B. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78689-6_3 · Cited by 10
Representative bureaucracy in European Union agencies
Pérez‐Durán, I., & Bravo‐Laguna, C. (2019) · Journal of European Integration · doi:10.1080/07036337.2019.1611803 · Cited by 7
The Human Rights Accountability Mechanisms of International Organizations
Johansen, S. Ø. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108862608 · Cited by 10
Assessing formal accountability for public policies: the case of health policy in Spain
Pérez‐Durán, I. (2015) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/0020852314565999 · Cited by 10
Exploring the EU Commission-Agency Relationship: Partnership or Parenthood?
Vestlund, N. M. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137339898_20 · Cited by 10
Alon‐Barkat, S., & Busuioc, M. (2024) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2023.2294145 · Cited by 9
Self-citationLeidorf‐Tidå, B. (2022) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2022.2128856 · Cited by 9
Pérez‐Durán, I. (2015) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2015.1105597 · Cited by 9
Bajakić, I., & Beroš, M. B. (2017) · Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja · doi:10.1080/1331677x.2017.1383170 · Cited by 8
Blurred areas of responsibility: European agencies’ scientific ‘opinions’ under scrutiny
Busuioc, M. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139871365.023 · Cited by 8
Self-citationMitsilegas, V., & Giuffrida, F. (2017) · Brill Research Perspectives in Transnational Crime · doi:10.1163/24680931-12340001 · Cited by 9
Heidbreder, E. G., & Brandsma, G. J. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55269-3_42 · Cited by 8
Leidorf‐Tidå, B., & de Boer, T. (2022) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.13367 · Cited by 7
Deruelle, T. (2020) · Health Economics Policy and Law · doi:10.1017/s1744133120000213 · Cited by 7
Apaydin, F., & Jordana, J. (2021) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwab047 · Cited by 7
Some Reflections on the Governance Framework of the Single Resolution Board
Beroš, M. B. (2017) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.12645 · Cited by 7
The information phase of accountability: The role of management boards in European Union agencies
Font, N., & Pérez‐Durán, I. (2020) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/0020852320946813 · Cited by 7
Rimkutė, D. (2025) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2025.2526550 · Cited by 8
Loschi, C., & Slominski, P. (2020) · European administrative governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51383-2_9 · Cited by 6
Coen, D., & Katsaitis, A. (2021) · Journal of European Integration · doi:10.1080/07036337.2021.1922898 · Cited by 6
Accountability in the EU 's para‐regulatory state: The case of the Economic and Monetary Union
Dawson, M., & Akbik, A. (2021) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12442 · Cited by 6
Vaughan, S. (2015) · Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies · doi:10.1017/cel.2015.3 · Cited by 6
Drivers of integration? EU agency board members on transboundary crises
Jordana, J., Pérez‐Durán, I., & Triviño‐Salazar, J. C. (2020) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/s41295-020-00221-6 · Cited by 6
Expansion without mandates: Border and asylum agencies in European Union migration governance
Moutselos, M. (2024) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12854 · Cited by 5
Expert accountability: What does it mean, why is it challenging—and is it what we need?
Langvatn, S. A., & Holst, C. (2022) · Constellations · doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12649 · Cited by 8
Varying Power Configurations and the Accountability of Independent Regulatory Agencies
Apaydin, F., & Jordana, J. (2020) · International Review of Public Policy · doi:10.4000/irpp.1458 · Cited by 7
Challenging the regulators: Enforcement and appeals in financial regulation
Gava, R. (2021) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12405 · Cited by 4
Mapping the institutional consolidation of EU human health expertise
RUIJTER, A. D. (2016) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/cep.2016.5 · Cited by 4
Informal Rules and Institutional Balances on the Boards of EU Agencies
Font, N. (2015) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/0095399715588782 · Cited by 4
Designing Accountability Regimes at the European Union Level
Font, N. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137349583_6 · Cited by 4
de Boer, T., & Leidorf‐Tidå, B. (2023) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2023.2290209 · Cited by 3
Accountability Through Transparency and the Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Costa, M. (2019) · European yearbook of constitutional law · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-359-7_10 · Cited by 3
EU Agencies in Times of Crisis: An Introduction
Pollak, J., & Slominski, P. (2020) · European administrative governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51383-2_1 · Cited by 3
EU Agencies and the Politicized Administration
Everson, M., & Vos, E. (2020) · European administrative governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51383-2_2 · Cited by 3
Legislative oversight of EU agencies through hearings: police patrols versus fire alarms?
Leidorf‐Tidå, B., & Busuioc, M. (2025) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2024.2440132 · Cited by 2
Self-citationJordana, J., & Triviño‐Salazar, J. C. (2025) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.70053 · Cited by 5
Fjørtoft, T. N. (2026) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00323217251409057 · Cited by 2
Beroš, M. B. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78689-6_4 · Cited by 2
Collaborative Governance: A Promising Method for Innovation
Schepers, S. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55554-0_7 · Cited by 2
La redevabilité des agences européennes de l’Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
Lafarge, F. (2017) · Revue française d administration publique · doi:10.3917/rfap.160.1209 · Cited by 2
Rabinovych, M. (2019) · European yearbook of international economic law · doi:10.1007/8165_2019_31 · Cited by 2
Beyond Meroni. What does it take to achieve a single market for network industries?
Pelkmans, J., & Simoncini, M. (2022) · Journal of European Integration · doi:10.1080/07036337.2021.2011262 · Cited by 2
Liu, R., & Han, Y. (2026) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.70043 · Cited by 2
Akbik, A., Bobić, A., Freudlsperger, C., & Migliorati, M. (2026) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.70138 · Cited by 1
Kaya, R. (2026) · Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17755/esosder.1850026 · Cited by 1
Democratic standards in external differentiation: the area of freedom, security and justice
Patrin, M. (2025) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2025.2477398 · Cited by 1
Duić, D. (2017) · EU and comparative law issues and challenges series · doi:10.25234/eclic/6535 · Cited by 1
Agency Accountability: Management of Expectations or Answerability to Mandate?Preprint
Eriksen, A. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3328444 · Cited by 3
Beroš, M. B. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78689-6_5 · Cited by 1
Font, N. (2015) · Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives · doi:10.3917/risa.814.0819
Pérez‐Durán, I. (2016) · Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives · doi:10.3917/risa.824.0821
Imputabilité dans l’Union européenne post-Lisbonne
Brandsma, G. J., Heidbreder, E. G., & Mastenbroek, E. (2016) · Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives · doi:10.3917/risa.824.0657
Metadata
- Authors
- Busuioc, M.
- Corresponding author
- Busuioc, Madalina
- ORCID
- Busuioc, Madalina
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2013-02-28
- OpenAlex
- W4256233435
- Semantic Scholar
- 2bfe7c85afceb896bd577e1f7534064ab795dbe2
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 16.37
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › European Union Policy and Governance
- Social Sciences › Law › Administrative Law and Governance
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Regulation and Compliance Studies
- Keywords
- European agencies, agency accountability, EU governance, regulatory agencies, delegation of powers, bureaucratic accountability, EU case law
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review