CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 50Infant Nutrition and HealthAngiogenesis and VEGF in CancerBreastfeeding Practices and Influences

Unbound vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in breast, human milk, and newborn intestine

Open access
Vuorela, Piia, Andersson, Sture, Carpén, Olli, Ylikorkala, Olavi, Halmesmäki, Erja·2000·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1196
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Human milk, rich in cytokines, may contain the potent permeability- and angiogenesis-promoting agent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Objective We wanted to study whether free or bound VEGF is present in human milk and whether it and its receptors (VEGFR-1 and -2) are expressed in lactating breast or newborn intestinal tissue. Design The study had a longitudinal design with collection of human milk from healthy (n = 32) and diabetic (n = 5) women at 2, 7, and 30 d postpartum. Milk was analyzed for VEGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with plasma samples collected 2 d postpartum. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize VEGF and its receptors in lactating breast and newborn intestine. Gel filtration with radiolabeled VEGF was performed to study whether human milk contains VEGF binding proteins. Results Human milk VEGF concentrations in healthy (76 +/- 19 microg/L, x +/- SD) and diabetic (75 +/- 25 microg/L) women did not differ at 2, 7 (23 +/- 7 and 27 +/- 8 microg/L, respectively), or 30 d (14 +/- 5 and 17 +/- 7 microg/L, respectively) postpartum. VEGF was undetectable in all but 3 plasma samples. Human milk was free of VEGF binding proteins. VEGFR-1 and -2 immunoreactivity was seen in the glandular epithelial cells of the newborn intestine and lactating breast, whereas VEGF was present only in breast glandular epithelium. Conclusions The high concentrations of VEGF in human milk, especially colostrum, are not affected by maternal diabetes and…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1196

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • VEGF expression and increased vascular permeability occur in infection, trauma, during fetal and postnatal growth, preparing for lactation, cancer, protein-losing enteropathy, and nephrotic syndrome.

    “VEGF expression and increased vascular permeability occur in infection,14, 35 trauma,15, 16, 36 during fetal and postnatal growth,29, 37, 38, 39 preparing for lactation,39, 40 cancer,41, 42 protein‐losing enteropathy,43 and nephrotic syndrome44, 45 (Table 1).”

    From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [39]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Vuorela, P., Andersson, S., Carpén, O., Ylikorkala, O., & Halmesmäki, E.
Affiliations
Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
Corresponding author
Vuorela, Piia
ORCID
Vuorela, Piia
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-11
Volume
72
Issue
5
Pages
1196-1201
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1196
OpenAlex
W1884314201
Cited by
50
References
33
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
Keywords
vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF receptors, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, breast milk, lactation, maternal diabetes, colostrum, angiogenesis, neonatal nutrition
MeSH terms
Breast, Chromatography, Gel, Colostrum, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Epithelium, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Infant, Newborn, Intestines, Lactation, Lymphokines, Milk, Human, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Endothelial Growth Factors, Receptors, Growth Factor, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review