Dietary phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk
Open accessAbstract
Background A high intake of phytoestrogens, particularly isoflavones, has been suggested to decrease breast cancer risk. Results from human studies are inconclusive. Objective We investigated the association between phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk in a large prospective study in a Dutch population with a habitually low phytoestrogen intake. Design The study population consisted of 15 555 women aged 49-70 y who constituted a Dutch cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutriton (EPIC; 1993-1997). Data concerning habitual dietary intake in the preceding year were obtained by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The content of isoflavones and lignans in relevant food items was estimated through a literature search, the use of food-composition tables, and contact with experts. Newly diagnosed breast cancer cases up to 1 January 2001 were identified through linkage with the Comprehensive Cancer Center Middle Netherlands. Hazard ratios for the disease were estimated by Cox proportional hazard analysis for quartiles of isoflavone and lignan intake. Associations were adjusted for known breast cancer risk factors and daily energy intake. Results A total of 280 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up. The median daily intakes of isoflavones and lignans were 0.4 (interquartile range: 0.3-0.5) and 0.7 (0.5-0.8) mg/d, respectively. Relative to the respective lowest intake quartiles, the hazard ratios for the highest i…
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Of 11 prospective cohort studies reporting on risk of primary breast cancer, one (9%) showed soy isoflavone intake was associated with overall reduced risk, while the remaining studies showed no associations.
“Of 11 studies reporting on risk of primary breast cancer, one (9%) showed that soy isoflavone intake was associated with overall reduced risk of breast cancer [116], while the remaining studies showed no associations [99,104,105,107-109,111,113-115,117].”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [107]
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Soya foods and breast cancer risk: A prospective study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
Key, T. J., Sharp, G. B., Appleby, P. N., Beral, V, Goodman, M. T., Soda, M., & Mabuchi, K. (1999) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690837 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
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Sacks, F. M., Lichtenstein, A., Van Horn, L., Harris, W., Kris-Etherton, P., & Winston, M. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.171052 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk
Wu, A. H., Yu, M. C., Tseng, C.-C., & Pike, M. C. (2008) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604145 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Fritz, H., Seely, D., Flower, G., Skidmore, B., Fernandes, R., Vadeboncoeur, S., Kennedy, D., Cooley, K., Wong, R., Sagar, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Zhao, T.-T., Jin, F., Li, J.-G., Xu, Y.-Y., Dong, H.-T., Liu, Q., Xing, P., Zhu, G.-L., Xu, H., & Miao, Z.-F. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.006 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
- Authors
- Keinan-Boker, L., van Der Schouw, Y. T., Grobbee, D. E., & Peeters, P. H.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 282-288
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116755301
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 14.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- phytoestrogens, isoflavones, lignans, breast cancer risk, dietary intake, postmenopausal women, Western populations, EPIC cohort
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anthropometry, Breast Neoplasms, Diet, Female, Humans, Isoflavones, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Postmenopause, Lignans, Plant Preparations, Phytoestrogens
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