Cited by 73Food composition and propertiesNutrition and Health StudiesFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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Accuracy of the Atwater factors and related food energy conversion factors with low-fat, high-fiber diets when energy intake is reduced spontaneously

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Zou, Maggie L, Moughan, Paul J, Awati, Ajay, Livesey, Geoffrey·2007·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1649

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  • Because carbohydrates vary greatly in digestibility and metabolic potential, the conventional Atwater factor of 17 kJ/g for carbohydrate can no longer be accepted as a reliable figure.

    “Conventionally (on the basis of Atwater factors), 1 g of carbohydrate was assumed to provide 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g); however, as carbohydrates vary greatly in their digestibility and metabolic potential, this can no longer be accepted as a reliable figure (Zou et al., 2007).”

    From Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health (2017) · cites this paper as Zou et al., 2007

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Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Livesey, 2001, A perspective on food energy standards for nutrition labelling, Br J Nutr, 85, 271, 10.1079/BJN2000253 · DOI
  2. Brown, 1998, Metabolizable energy of high non-starch polysaccharide-maintenance and weight-reducing diets in men: experimental appraisal of assessment systems, J Nutr, 128, 986, 10.1093/jn/128.6.986 · DOI
  3. Miller, 1959, A ballistic bomb calorimeter, Br J Nutr, 13, 501, 10.1079/BJN19590064 · DOI
  4. Bellomonte, 1987, Comparison of modified automatic Dumas method and the traditional Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination in infant food, J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 70, 227
  5. Tiffany, 1972, Enzymatic kinetic rate and endpoint analyses of substrate, by use of a GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer, Clin Chem, 18, 829, 10.1093/clinchem/18.8.829 · DOI
  6. Fossati, 1980, Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid-4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric-acid in serum and urine, Clin Chem, 26, 227, 10.1093/clinchem/26.2.227 · DOI
  7. Larsen, 1972, Creatinine assay by a reaction-kinetic principle, Clin Chim Acta, 41, 209, 10.1016/0009-8981(72)90513-X · DOI
  8. Sukhija, 1988, Rapid method for determination of total fatty-acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces, J Agric Food Chem, 36, 1202, 10.1021/jf00084a019 · DOI
  9. Englyst, 1988, Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber as non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods, J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 71, 808
  10. Englyst, 1984, Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid-chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates, Analyst, 109, 937, 10.1039/an9840900937 · DOI
  11. McCleary, 2002, Measurement of resistant starch by enzymatic digestion in starch and selected plant materials: collaborative study, J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 85, 1103
  12. Atwater, 1910, Principles of nutrition and nutritive values of food, United States Farmers’ Bulletin, 142
  13. 1993, Nutritional labeling of food regulation. Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21F), Fed Regist, 53, 2175
  14. Miller, 1984, The metabolizable energy value of foods, J Sci Food Agric, 35, 111, 10.1002/jsfa.2740350118 · DOI
  15. Livesey, 1991, Calculating the energy values of foods—towards new empirical formulas based on diets with varied intakes of unavailable complex carbohydrates, Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, 1
  16. Southgate, 1970, Calorie conversion factors—an experimental reassessment of factors used in calculation of energy value of human diets, Br J Nutr, 24, 517, 10.1079/BJN19700050 · DOI
  17. Livesey, 1990, Energy values of unavailable carbohydrate and diets—an inquiry and analysis, Am J Clin Nutr, 51, 617, 10.1093/ajcn/51.4.617 · DOI
  18. Livesey, 2002, Thermogenesis associated with fermentable carbohydrate in humans, validity of indirect calorimetry, and implications of dietary thermogenesis for energy requirements, food energy and body weight, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, 1553, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802168 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Zou, M. L., Moughan, P. J., Awati, A., & Livesey, G.
Affiliations
Riddet Institute (NZ)
Corresponding author
Zou, Maggie L
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-12
Volume
86
Issue
6
Pages
1649-1656
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2145224634
Cited by
73
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI
1.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords
Atwater factors, metabolizable energy, low-fat high-fiber diet, dietary fiber, cereal fiber, energy availability, energy balance
MeSH terms
Adult, Biological Availability, Edible Grain, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Female, Fruit, Humans, Male

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