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Metabolic Syndrome and Development of Diabetes Mellitus: Application and Validation of Recently Suggested Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recently proposed definitions for the metabolic syndrome. Little is known of their validity, however. The authors assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the definitions of the metabolic syndrome for prevalent and incident diabetes mellitus in a Finnish population-based cohort of middle-aged men (n = 1,005) followed for 4 years since the late 1980s. Four definitions based on the WHO and NCEP recommendations were compared. All definitions identified persons at high risk for developing diabetes during the 4-year follow-up (odds ratios = 5.0-8.8). The WHO definition including waist-hip ratio > 0.90 or body mass index >or= 30 kg/m(2) was the most sensitive (0.83 and 0.67) and least specific (0.78 and 0.80) in detecting the 47 prevalent and 51 incident cases of diabetes. The NCEP definition in which adiposity was defined as waist girth > 102 cm detected only 61% of prevalent and 41% of incident diabetes, although it was the most specific (0.89 and 0.90). The WHO definition seems valid as judged by its relatively high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes. The NCEP definition including waist > 102 cm also identifies persons at high risk for diabetes, but it is relatively insensitive in predicting diabetes.
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“Patients with the metabolic syndrome also are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [60]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Laaksonen, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Laaksonen, D. E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-12-01
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1070-1077
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2149040949
- Cited by
- 916
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 34.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland (2041022, 41471, 1041086)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-44199, R01HL044199)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, diagnostic criteria validity, WHO definition, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, body mass index, adiposity, sensitivity and specificity, new-onset diabetes, middle-aged men
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Constitution, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Finland, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, World Health Organization, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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