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Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies have provided limited evidence for a harmful effect of high glycemic index and dietary glycemic load on cancer. The authors analyzed associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of cancer in women and men in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Published glycemic index values were assigned to 225 foods/food groups. Glycemic load was calculated by multiplying the glycemic index, carbohydrate content, and intake frequency of individual foods reported on a food frequency questionnaire. From 1995 through 2003, the authors identified 15,215 and 33,203 cancer cases in women and men, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. For women and men, respectively, the relative risks for total cancer for high versus low glycemic index were 1.03 (P(trend)=0.217) and 1.04 (P(trend)=0.012) and, for glycemic load, were 0.90 (P(trend)=0.024) and 0.93 (P(trend)=0.01). Associations with total cancer held only among the overweight for glycemic index and among those of healthy weight for glycemic load. These findings suggest that glycemic index and glycemic load are not strong predictors of cancer incidence. The direction and small magnitude of associations might be explained by the manner in which high glycemic index and glycemic load track with overall diet and lifestyle patterns.
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“However, evidence of their associations with cancer risk is mixed (28,34,35).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- George, S. M., Mayne, S. T., Leitzmann, M. F., Park, Y., Schatzkin, A., Flood, A., Hollenbeck, A., & Subar, A. F.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- AARP (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-12-13
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 462-472
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC2726642
- OpenAlex
- W2095788184
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- U.S. Department of State
- Arizona Department of Health Services
- Texas Department of State Health Services
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (Z01CP010196)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, cancer risk, cancer incidence, overweight, body weight, AARP Diet and Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Body Weight, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Neoplasms, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Registries, Retirement, Risk Factors, United States, Body Mass Index, Proportional Hazards Models, SEER Program, Glycemic Index
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