The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Strategies for Multiple Imputation in Longitudinal Studies
Open accessAbstract
Multiple imputation is increasingly recommended in epidemiology to adjust for the bias and loss of information that may occur in analyses restricted to study participants with complete data ("complete-case analyses"). However, little guidance is available on applying the method, including which variables to include in the imputation model and the number of imputations needed. Here, the authors used multiple imputation to analyze the prevalence of wheeze among 81-month-old children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Avon, United Kingdom; 1991-1999) and the association of wheeze with gender, maternal asthma, and maternal smoking. The authors examined how inclusion of different types of variables in the imputation model affected point estimates and precision, and assessed the impact of number of imputations on Monte Carlo variability. Inclusion of variables associated with the outcome in the imputation model increased odds ratios and reduced standard errors. When only 5 or 10 imputations were used, variability due to the imputation procedure was substantial enough to affect conclusions. Careful preliminary analysis identified the scope for multiple imputation to reduce bias and improve efficiency and provided guidance for building the imputation model. When data are missing, such preliminary analyses should be routinely undertaken and reported, regardless of whether multiple imputation is used in the final analysis.
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Citations
Cites
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How Many Imputations are Really Needed? Some Practical Clarifications of Multiple Imputation Theory
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“A small number of imputed data sets has been suggested as adequate (typically 5; for example, see Schafer (21)), but this has recently been questioned (22).”
Instrumental Variables and GMM: Estimation and Testing
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Cited by
Cohort Profile: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort
Fraser, A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Golding, J., Davey Smith, G., Henderson, J., Macleod, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys066 · Cited by 2,494
Self-citationREALCOM-IMPUTE Software for Multilevel Multiple Imputation with Mixed Response Types
Carpenter, J. R., Goldstein, H., & Kenward, M. G. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i05 · Cited by 395
Self-citationThe number of years lived with obesity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality
Abdullah, A., Wolfe, R., Stoelwinder, J. U., de Courten, M., Stevenson, C., Walls, H. L., & Peeters, A. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr018 · Cited by 371
Associations between tau, Aβ, and cortical thickness with cognition in Alzheimer disease
Ossenkoppele, R., Smith, R., Ohlsson, T., Strandberg, O., Mattsson, N., Insel, P. S., Palmqvist, S., & Hansson, O. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006875 · Cited by 317
Roumie, C. L., Hung, A. M., Greevy, R. A., Grijalva, C. G., Liu, X., Murff, H. J., Elasy, T. A., & Griffin, M. R. (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00003 · Cited by 300
Metadata
- Authors
- Spratt, M., Carpenter, J., Sterne, J. A. C., Carlin, J. B., Heron, J., Henderson, J., & Tilling, K.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-07-08
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 478-487
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2127550630
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 28
- FWCI
- 16.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Spratt, M., Carpenter, J., Sterne, J. A. C., Carlin, J. B., Heron, J., Henderson, J., & Tilling, K. (2010). Strategies for Multiple Imputation in Longitudinal Studies. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq137
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