The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Health Status of Nonparticipants in a Population-based Health Study: The Hordaland Health Study
Abstract
The authors aimed to examine whether nonparticipation in a population-based health study was associated with poorer health status; to determine whether specific health problems were overrepresented among nonparticipants; and to explore potential consequences of participation bias on associations between exposures and outcomes. They used data from the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK), conducted in western Norway in 1997-1999. Of 29,400 persons invited, 63.1% participated in the study. Information from HUSK was linked with the Norwegian national registry of disability pensions (DPs), including information about DP diagnosis. The risk of DP receipt was almost twice as high among nonparticipants as participants (relative risk = 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.81, 1.95). The association was strongest for DPs received for mental disorders, with a 3-fold increased risk for nonparticipation. Substance abuse, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders were especially overrepresented among nonparticipants. The authors simulated the impact of nonparticipation on associations between exposures and outcomes by excluding HUSK participants with higher symptoms of common mental disorders (exposure) and examining the impact on DP (outcome). This selective exclusion modestly reduced associations between common mental disorders and DP. The authors conclude that nonparticipants have poorer health, but this is disorder-dependent. Participation bias is probably a greater threat to the validity of prevalence studies than to studies of associations between exposures and outcomes.
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“non-participants of health surveys generally have worse health than participants,29”
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“It should be also mentioned that people with mental disorders could be less likely to participate in cross-sectional population surveys and therefore our results may be under-estimates of true population prevalence (Arias-de la Torre et al., 2020; Knudsen et al., 2010).”
From Prevalence and age patterns of depression in the United Kingdom. A population-based study (2021) · cites this paper as Knudsen et al., 2010
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Items 301–324 of 324
Bright, S., Hübel, C., Young, K. S., Bristow, S., Peel, A. J., Rayner, C., Mundy, J., Palmos, A., Purves, K. L., Kalsi, G., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23788283
Self-citationTortelli, A., Perozziello, A., Mercuel, A., Masson, V. D., & Perquier, F. (2024) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100240
Arias-Magnasco, A., Lin, B. D., Pries, L.-K., & Gülöksüz, S. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/f57ys
Bran, M., Alexandru, D. O., Chesini, R. S., DUICA, L. C., Drăcea, S. A., Pintilie, E. D., & Pîrlog, M. C. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13030326
Sex variation in the relationship between APOE ε4, cognitive decline, and dementia
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Veddegjærde, K.-E. F., Skogen, J. C., Wilhelmsen, I., & Sivertsen, B. (2025) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.68 · Cited by 1
“Selective participation may have introduced bias in the strength of observed associations, as non-participants in health surveys typically report poorer general health, 32 and individuals are more likely to participate in surveys they find personally relevant.”
Self-citationvan Zon, S. K. R., & van den Heuvel, S. G. (2025) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-025-02155-6
“However, the effect on findings regarding associations between exposures and outcomes is most likely limited (van Loon et al. 2003; Knudsen et al. 2010).”
Clifton, S., Conolly, A., Sadler, K. E., Light, R., Field, N. M., Sonnenberg, P., & Mercer, C. H. (2025) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24199.1
Andersen, A. I. O., Knapstad, M., & Smith, O. R. F. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09346-z
“Nordic registry-linked studies similarly report higher rates of disability pension among non-respondents, often involving mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses [24, 25], while long-term sick leave does not necessarily differ consistently by response status [25, 26].”
Widnall, E., Epstein, S., Polling, C., Velupillai, S. U., Jewell, A., Dutta, R., Simonoff, E., Stewart, R. J., Gilbert, R. E., Ford, T. J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19681660
Self-citationClarsen, B. M., Skogen, J. C., Nilsen, T. S., & Aarø, L. E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14429174
Self-citationWidnall, E., Epstein, S., Polling, C., Velupillai, S. U., Jewell, A., Dutta, R., Simonoff, E., Stewart, R. J., Gilbert, R. E., Ford, T. J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19681654
Self-citationPoddar, A., & Chhajer, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26749031
Vo, C. Q., Samuelsen, P.-J., Sommerseth, H. L., Wisløff, T. F., Wilsgaard, T., & Eggen, A. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23258856
Widnall, E., Epstein, S., Polling, C., Velupillai, S. U., Jewell, A., Dutta, R., Simonoff, E., Stewart, R. J., Gilbert, R. E., Ford, T. J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19681657
Self-citationBright, S., Hübel, C., Young, K. S., Bristow, S., Peel, A. J., Rayner, C., Mundy, J., Palmos, A., Purves, K. L., Kalsi, G., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23788280
Self-citationKnudsen, A. K., Skogen, J. C., Sivertsen, B., Gustavson, K., Stene‐Larsen, K., Krokstad, S., Ferrari, A. J., Kessler, R. C., & Reneflot, A. (2026) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-025-03030-y
Self-citationWu, Y., Wang, P., Qin, Z., Xiao, X., & Wang, H. (2026) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2026.100919
“16 These variations tend to hinder existing studies from drawing consistent and reliable conclusions regarding kinesiophobia prevalence, thus making it difficult to provide clear guidance for clinical practice.”
Grimsland, F., Gabrielsen, K. B., Clausen, T., Haugland, S. H., & Vederhus, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1821179
Common and Unique Etiological Influences on Personality and Personality Disorders in Youth
Torgersen, S. O., Skaug, E., & Waaktaar, T. (2026) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/psp/aelag006
Ruhm, C. J. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726106072
“Moreover, for differential selection to explain the observed trends, the marginal nonresponders would need to have better-than-average mental health, but most available evidence suggests that selection goes in the opposite direction (Knudsen et al., 2010; Momen et al., 2022).”
Depressive symptoms among medical students: comparing three measures in nine countries
Karpovisch, E., Balanzá‐Martínez, V., Atienza-Carbonell, B., Porru, F., Hoffmann, M. S., Atreya, A., da Silva, A. G. M., Puig-Lagunes, Á. A., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Kenne, E. M., et al. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117485
Metadata
- Authors
- Knudsen, A. K., Hotopf, M., Skogen, J. C., Overland, S., & Mykletun, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Knudsen, A. K.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-09-15
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1306-1314
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2163894459
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 73.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0507-10088)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- non-participation, participation bias, Hordaland Health Study, disability pension, common mental disorders, substance abuse, psychosis, personality disorders, health status, prevalence studies, exposure-outcome association, research validity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Community Participation, Diagnosis-Related Groups, Female, Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Norway, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Selection Bias, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Insurance, Disability
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