The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk Factors for Mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: A Competing Risks Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Few studies have examined multiple risk factors for mortality or formally compared their associations across specific causes of death. The authors used competing risks survival analysis to evaluate associations of lifestyle and dietary factors with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among 50,112 participants in the Nurses' Health Study. There were 4,893 deaths between 1986 and 2004: 1,026 from cardiovascular disease, 931 from smoking-related cancers, 1,430 from cancers not related to smoking, and 1,506 from all other causes. Age, body mass index at age 18 years, weight change, height, current smoking and pack-years of smoking, glycemic load, cholesterol intake, systolic blood pressure and use of blood pressure medications, diabetes, parental myocardial infarction before age 60 years, and time since menopause were directly related to all-cause mortality, whereas there were inverse associations for physical activity and intakes of nuts, polyunsaturated fat, and cereal fiber. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with decreased mortality. A model that incorporated differences in the associations of some risk factors with specific causes of death had a significantly better fit compared with a model in which all risk factors had common associations across all causes. In the future, this new model may be used to identify individuals at increased risk of mortality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The mechanisms through which hPDI could reduce CHD risk are likely shared with the mechanisms for type 2 diabetes risk reduction.(2, 24–32)”
From Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“all of which could aid in weight loss/maintenance, enhance glycemic control and insulin regulation, improve lipid profile, reduce blood pressure, improve vascular health, decrease inflammation, and foster more favorable diet- gut microbiome interactions (e.g. through lowered levels of trimethylamine N-oxide), thereby lowering CHD risk.”
From Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497
Pencina, M. J., D' Agostino, R. B., D' Agostino, R. B., & Vasan, R. S. (2008) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.2929 · Cited by 6,493
Fundamentals of Biostatistics.
(1969) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-70-4-873 · Cited by 4,573
Willett, W. C. (1998) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195122978.001.0001 · Cited by 4,541
Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., STAMPFER, M. J., ROSNER, B., BAIN, C., WITSCHI, J., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086 · Cited by 4,274
Self-citationCompendium of Physical Activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., LEON, A. S., JACOBS, D. R., MONTOYE, H. J., SALLIS, J. F., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S. (1993) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011 · Cited by 4,102
Must, A., Jacques, P. F., Dallal, G. E., Bajema, C. J., & Dietz, W. H. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199211053271904 · Cited by 2,233
Body Weight and Mortality among Women
Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Hunter, D. J., Hankinson, S. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Speizer, F. E. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199509143331101 · Cited by 2,005
Fundamentals of Biostatistics.
Cornell, R. G., & ROSNER, B. A. (1987) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289416 · Cited by 1,613
Fundamentals of Biostatistics.
Barath, E., & ROSNER, B. A. (1992) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532371 · Cited by 1,184
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults
Satija, A., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Spiegelman, D., Chiuve, S. E., Manson, J. E., Willett, W., Rexrode, K. M., Rimm, E. B., & Hu, F. B. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.047 · Cited by 991
Self-citationDietary fibre intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Threapleton, D. E., Greenwood, D. C., Evans, C. E. L., Cleghorn, C. L., Nykjaer, C., Woodhead, C., Cade, J. E., Gale, C. P., & Burley, V. J. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f6879 · Cited by 749
Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2
Orlich, M. J., Singh, P. N., Sabaté, J., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Fan, J., Knutsen, S., Beeson, W. L., & Fraser, G. E. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6473 · Cited by 607
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Health implications of dietary fiber
Dahl, W. J., & Stewart, M. L. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.09.003 · Cited by 471
Ganna, A., & Ingelsson, E. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60175-1 · Cited by 411
Metadata
- Authors
- Baer, H. J., Glynn, R. J., Hu, F. B., Hankinson, S. E., Willett, W. C., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M., & Rosner, B.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baer, Heather J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-12-06
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 319-329
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC3105270
- OpenAlex
- W2103592177
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA087969, [P01 CA87969)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- mortality risk factors, competing risks, cause-specific mortality, all-cause mortality, lifestyle factors, dietary factors, cardiovascular mortality, tobacco-related cancer, body mass index, weight change, glycemic load, cholesterol intake, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, menopause, physical activity, nuts, polyunsaturated fat, cereal fiber, alcohol consumption, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cause of Death, Chronic Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Mortality, Nurses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Health Behavior, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
