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THYROID FUNCTION IN EARLY AND LATE ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL: RELATIONSHIP WITH AGGRESSION, FAMILY HISTORY, AND ONSET AGE OF ALCOHOLISM
Abstract
AIMS: Thyroid dysfunction is a known finding in alcoholism. Most studies have reported the reduction in peripheral thyroid hormones in acute withdrawal and long-term abstinence periods of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations of free thyroid hormones in early and late withdrawal and their association with aggression, age of onset, and family history of alcoholism. METHODS: Male inpatients (n = 39; mean age +/- SD: 42.55 +/- 8.02 years) in alcohol withdrawal were compared with healthy men (n = 28; mean age +/- SD: 38.31 +/- 9.26 years). Levels of free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine, (fT3) and thyrothrophin (TSH) were measured in early (first day) and late (28th day) withdrawal in the patients and only once in the controls. RESULTS: In early withdrawal, levels of thyroid hormones did not differ from those in the controls. In late withdrawal, fT3 and fT4 levels (2.71 +/- 0.56 and 10.80 +/- 1.86 pg/ml) were lower than those of both controls (3.32 +/- 0.41 and 11.95 +/- 1.49 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05 in both cases) and patients in early withdrawal (3.18 +/- 0.72 and 12.68 +/- 2.50 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05 in both cases). Patients were divided into subgroups according to aggression level, onset age of alcoholism, and family history. While the high-aggression group had lower serum levels of fT3 and fT4 in late withdrawal (2.49 +/- 0.41 and 10.44 +/- 2.15 pg/ml) compared with those of controls (P < 0.05 in both cases), the low-aggression group only had lower serum levels of fT3 in late withdrawal (2.90 +/- 0.62 pg/ml) compared with those of controls (P < 0.05). fT3 and fT4 values in the family history-negative group (2.67 +/- 0.56 and 10.75 +/- 1.88 pg/ml) were lower than those of controls in late withdrawal (P < 0.05 in both cases). Both fT3 and fT4 levels in late withdrawal (2.69 +/- 0.54 and 10.83 +/- 1.96 pg/ml) were decreased in early-onset group compared with those of controls (P < 0.05 in both cases). CONCLUSION: Decreased free thyroid hormone levels may be a result of heavy alcohol consumption or a trait marker of alcoholism, especially in high-aggressive, early-onset and family history-negative patients.
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“Aggression may similarly be a feature of alcohol withdrawal.”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Ozsoy et al. 2006
In the citing paper
“It has been hypothesized that these shared vulnerabilities, rather than a causal influence of alcohol, may explain the apparent differences in aggression observed between abstinent individuals diagnosed with AUD and controls (Ozsoy et al. 2006).”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Ozsoy et al. 2006
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Cited by
Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels
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Metadata
- Authors
- OZSOY, S., ESEL, E., IZGI, H. B., & SOFUOGLU, S.
- Affiliations
- Erciyes University (TR)
- Venue
- Alcohol and Alcoholism
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-07-19
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 515-521
- ISSN
- 0735-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3502
- OpenAlex
- W2158543377
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 0.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Alcohol and Alcoholism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcohol withdrawal, thyroid dysfunction, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, aggression, family history of alcoholism, alcoholism, thyroid hormones, male inpatients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aggression, Ethanol, Alcoholism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyroid Hormones, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Age of Onset, Statistics, Nonparametric
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: THYROID FUNCTION IN EARLY AND LATE ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL: RELATIONSHIP WITH AGGRESSION, FAMILY HISTORY, AND ONSET AGE OF ALCOHOLISM. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/alcalc/agl056
- The paper
- OZSOY, S., ESEL, E., IZGI, H. B., & SOFUOGLU, S. (2006). THYROID FUNCTION IN EARLY AND LATE ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL: RELATIONSHIP WITH AGGRESSION, FAMILY HISTORY, AND ONSET AGE OF ALCOHOLISM. Alcohol and Alcoholism. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agl056
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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