Tobacco smoking and the risk of subsequent primary cancer among cancer survivors: a retrospective cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Background Smoking is a well-known risk factor for cancer; however, there is little evidence as to whether the smoking status of cancer survivors has any risk for subsequent primary cancer (SPC) incidence, regardless of the first cancer sites.Patients and methods In total, 29,795 eligible patients with a first cancer between 1985 and 2004 were examined for SPC until the end of 2006, using a record linkage between hospital-based and population-based cancer registries. The association between smoking at the time of the first cancer diagnosis and three SPC groups (i.e. specific SPC, smoking-related SPCs, and all SPCs) was calculated by Poisson regression.Results Ever smokers had 59% and 102% higher risk for all SPCs and smoking-related SPCs, respectively, than never smokers. Cancer survivors who had recently stopped smoking had 18% and 26% less risk, respectively, for these SPCs than those who smoked at the diagnosis. We also found that, compared with those who had never smoked, cancer survivors who had ever smoked had a significantly elevated risk of oral/pharyngeal, esophageal, stomach, lung, and hematological SPCs, regardless of the first cancer sites.Conclusions These findings indicate that smoking increases not only the first cancer but also a second or SPC. Moreover, the results from recent quitters versus current smokers suggest that smoking cessation may decrease the risk for SPC, especially for smoking-related SPCs in cancer survivors. Preventive measures are necessary to reduce not only SPC incidence but also tobacco use.
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Post-diagnosis smoking is associated with an increased risk of second primary cancers.
“increased risk of second primary cancers,11”
From Efficacy of smartphone applications to help cancer patients quit smoking: Protocol of the Quit2Heal randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Abstract reports that smoking status at the first cancer diagnosis was associated with subsequent primary cancer risk. But the Limitations section says smoking was not assessed during follow-up, so the study cannot establish the association specifically for post-diagnosis smoking. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Tabuchi, T., Ito, Y., Ioka, A., Nakayama, T., Miyashiro, I., & Tsukuma, H.
- Affiliations
- Osaka International Cancer Institute (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Tabuchi, T.
- Venue
- Annals of Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2699-2704
- ISSN
- 0923-7534 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167596813
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Grant-in-Aid for Clinical Cancer Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health
- Labour and Welfare (H22-011)
- Osaka Cancer Society (H23)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- smoking, cancer survivors, secondary malignancies, smoking cessation, oral and pharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, hematologic cancer, cancer risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Survivors, Young Adult
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