A new paradigm for applying deep learning to protein–ligand interaction prediction
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Abstract
Protein–ligand interaction prediction presents a significant challenge in drug design. Numerous machine learning and deep learning (DL) models have been developed to accurately identify docking poses of ligands and active compounds against specific targets. However, current models often suffer from inadequate accuracy or lack practical physical significance in their scoring systems. In this research paper, we introduce IGModel, a novel approach that utilizes the geometric information of protein–ligand complexes as input for predicting the root mean square deviation of docking poses and the binding strength (pKd, the negative value of the logarithm of binding affinity) within the same prediction framework. This ensures that the output scores carry intuitive meaning. We extensively evaluate the performance of IGModel on various docking power test sets, including the CASF-2016 benchmark, PDBbind-CrossDocked-Core and DISCO set, consistently achieving state-of-the-art accuracies. Furthermore, we assess IGModel’s generalizability and robustness by evaluating it on unbiased test sets and sets containing target structures generated by AlphaFold2. The exceptional performance of IGModel on these sets demonstrates its efficacy. Additionally, we visualize the latent space of protein–ligand interactions encoded by IGModel and conduct interpretability analysis, providing valuable insights. This study presents a novel framework for DL-based prediction of protein–ligand interactions, contributing to the advancement of this field. The IGModel is available at GitHub repository https://github.com/zchwang/IGModel.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wang, Z., Wang, S., Li, Y., Guo, J., Wei, Y., Mu, Y., Zheng, L., & Li, W.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Shanghai Zelixir Biotech , Xiangke Road, 200030, Shanghai , China
- Macao Polytechnic University (MO)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Zheng, Liangzhen
- Li, Weifeng
- ORCID
- Venue
- Briefings in Bioinformatics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2024-03-27
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 1467-5463 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-4054
- PMC
- PMC10998640
- OpenAlex
- W4394014753
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Briefings in Bioinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA0915500)
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020JQ04)
- Local Science and Technology Development Fund
- Central Government of Shandong Province (YDZX2022089)
- Singapore Ministry of Education (RG97/22)
- Key Research and Development Project of Guangdong Province (2021B0101310002)
- National Science Foundation of China (62272449)
- Shenzhen Basic Research Fund (RCYX20200714114734194, KQTD20200820113106007, ZDSYS20220422103800001)
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association (Y2021101)
- Core Facility Sharing Platform of Shandong University
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Keywords
- protein-ligand interaction prediction, deep learning, binding affinity prediction, RMSD, interpretability, latent space visualization, drug design
- MeSH terms
- Deep Learning, Ligands, Protein Binding, Proteins, Drug Design
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