The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3
Open accessAbstract
Summary: The determination of annealing temperature is a critical step in PCR design. This parameter is typically derived from the melting temperature of the PCR primers, so for successful PCR work it is important to determine the melting temperature of primer accurately. We introduced several enhancements in the widely used primer design program Primer3. The improvements include a formula for calculating melting temperature and a salt correction formula. Also, the new version can take into account the effects of divalent cations, which are included in most PCR buffers. Another modification enables using lowercase masked template sequences for primer design. Availability: Features described in this article have been implemented into the development code of Primer3 and will be available in future versions (version 1.1 and newer) of Primer3. Also, a modified version is compiled under the name of mPrimer3 which is distributed independently. The web-based version of mPrimer3 is available at http://bioinfo.ebc.ee/mprimer3/ and the binary code is freely downloadable from the URL http://bioinfo.ebc.ee/download/. Contact: maido.remm@ut.ee
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Primer3Plus, an enhanced web interface to Primer3
Untergasser, A., Nijveen, H., Rao, X., Bisseling, T., Geurts, R., & Leunissen, J. A. M. (2007) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkm306 · Cited by 2,779
Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer
Sahin, U., Derhovanessian, E., Miller, M., Kloke, B.-P., Simon, P., Löwer, M., Bukur, V., Tadmor, A. D., Luxemburger, U., Schrörs, B., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23003 · Cited by 2,488
YTHDF3 facilitates translation and decay of N6-methyladenosine-modified RNA
Shi, H., Wang, X., Lu, Z., Zhao, B. S., Ma, H., Hsu, P. J., Liu, C., & He, C. (2017) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2017.15 · Cited by 1,815
Germline Mutations in Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Cancer
Zhang, J., Walsh, M. F., Wu, G., Edmonson, M. N., Gruber, T. A., Easton, J., Hedges, D., Ma, X., Zhou, X., Yergeau, D. A., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1508054 · Cited by 1,345
Actively personalized vaccination trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Hilf, N., Kuttruff-Coqui, S., Frenzel, K., Bukur, V., Stevanović, S., Gouttefangeas, C., Platten, M., Tabatabai, G., Dutoit, V., van der Burg, S. H., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0810-y · Cited by 938
Metadata
- Authors
- Koressaar, T., & Remm, M.
- Venue
- Bioinformatics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-03-22
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1289-1291
- ISSN
- 1367-4803 (ISSN-L)
- 1367-4811
- OpenAlex
- W2100303227
- Cited by
- 2,603
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm091
- The paper
- Koressaar, T., & Remm, M. (2007). Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm091
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
