The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Probable Error of a Mean
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A t-test (Student, 1908) and effect size analysis (Cohen, 1988) (p-value=1.60e-4, Cohen's d=0.9851), as shown in Figure 3, reveal statistically significant differences between these two categories, with the non-parametric subset showing much greater variability.”
From Deciphering the Interplay of Parametric and Non-parametric Memory in Retrieval-augmented Language Models (2024) · cites this paper as Student, 1908
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,020
Commentary: On RA Fisher's Bateson lecture on statistical methods in genetics
Box, J. F. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp376 · Cited by 9
Shaw, W. T. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1772731 · Cited by 9
Hand, D. J., Daly, F., Lunn, A. D., McConway, K., & Ostrowski, E. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7266-8_1 · Cited by 9
Lang, A.-L., Bruhn, R.-L., Fehling, M., Heidenreich, A., Reisdorf, J., Khanyaree, I., Henningsen, M., & Remschmidt, C. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/50135 · Cited by 8
Experimental Designs and Statistical Analyses for Rootstock Trials
Marini, R. P. (2024) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy14102312 · Cited by 9
Potential of Streptomyces rochei G-6 for Biocontrol of Cucumber Wilt Disease and Growth Enhancement
Zhu, C., Li, X., Gao, Y., Yang, X., Gao, Y., & Li, K. (2024) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof10120885 · Cited by 8
Chemodiverse cell system responses to UV in an algal sister of land plants
Kunz, C. F., Abreu, I. N., Darienko, T., Fürst‐Jansen, J. M. R., Feussner, K., Feußner, I., Lorenz, M., & de Vries, J. (2026) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2026.04.015 · Cited by 8
Olson, M. T., Novak, A., Boonyaarunnate, T., Shahid, H., Kirby, J. W., & Ali, S. Z. (2013) · Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology · doi:10.1016/j.jasc.2013.07.002 · Cited by 8
Titan mice as a model to test interventions that attenuate frailty and increase longevity
Gille, B., Müller-Eigner, A., Gottschalk, S., Wytrwat, E., Langhammer, M., & Peleg, S. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-01045-4 · Cited by 8
NestedChain: “Blockchain-inside-a-Blockchain” new generation prototype
Maldonado-Ruiz, D., Pulval-Dady, A., Shi, Y., Wang, Z., Madhoun, N. E., & Torres, J. (2024) · Annals of Telecommunications · doi:10.1007/s12243-024-01030-8 · Cited by 8
A Priori Relevance Based On Quality and Diversity Of Social Signals
Badache, I., & Boughanem, M. (2015) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/2766462.2767807 · Cited by 8
The Influence of Hydromorphological Stressors on Estuarine Vegetation Indicators
Recio, M., Ondiviela, B., Puente, A., Galván, C., Gómez, A. G., & Juanes, J. A. (2013) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9607-2 · Cited by 8
In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies on monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate
Takumi, A., Kawamata, Y., Sakai, R., & Narita, T. (2019) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.05.024 · Cited by 8
Typical indigenous bacteria in the cecum of ddY mice fed a casein–beef tallow diet or whole‐egg diet
Fukunaga, M., Suriki, K., Kuda, T., Shikano, A., Toyama, A., Takahashi, H., & Kimura, B. (2019) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.13064 · Cited by 7
Delapaz, N. R., Hor, W. K., Gilbert, M., La, A. D., Liang, F., Fan, P., Qi, X., Guo, X., Ying, J., Sakolsky, D. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11030178 · Cited by 10
Clinical Validation of the Greek Version of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS)—Part II
Stamatiou, K. N., Samara, E., Alidjanov, J. F., Pilatz, A. M. E., Naber, K. G., & Wagenlehner, F. R. A. (2021) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101253 · Cited by 8
Hartnack, S., & Roos, M. (2021) · Emerging Themes in Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s12982-021-00108-1 · Cited by 8
Steffes, P. G., Shahan, P., Barisich, G. C., & Bellotti, A. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.012 · Cited by 8
The role of metrology in making chemistry sustainable
Meinrath, G., & Kalin, M. (2005) · Accreditation and Quality Assurance · doi:10.1007/s00769-005-0017-4 · Cited by 8
Assessing the trade‐offs between crossover and parallel group designs in sleep research
Berry, C. C., Moore, P., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00546.x · Cited by 8
The relation of maturity of the grapes to the yield, composition, and quality of raisins
Jacob, H. E. (1942) · Hilgardia · doi:10.3733/hilg.v14n06p321 · Cited by 8
THE ALIGNMENT OF GALAXY STRUCTURES
Biernacka, M., Panko, E., Bajan, K., Godłowski, W., & Flin, P. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/813/1/20 · Cited by 8
Koelbl, P. S., Heßling, M., Lingenfelder, C., & Kupferschmid, S. (2018) · Ophthalmology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40123-018-0157-3 · Cited by 8
Lyons‐Weiler, J., Pelikan, R. C., Herbert, J. Z., Whitcomb, D. C., Malehorn, D. E., Bigbee, W. L., & Hauskrecht, M. (2005) · Cancer Informatics · doi:10.1177/117693510500100108 · Cited by 8
Κέντα, Σ., Raikos, V., Vagena, A., Sevastos, D., Kapolos, J., Koliadima, A., & Karaiskakis, G. (2013) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.061 · Cited by 8
Benmoussa, A., Dehbi, H., Fehri, S., Quessar, A., & Nadifi, S. (2011) · Pathologie et biologie · doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2009.06.005 · Cited by 13
Data-Driven Predictive Models of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas Under Chemotherapy
Abdallah, M. B., Blonski, M., Wantz-Mézières, S., Gaudeau, Y., Taillandier, L., Moureaux, J.-M., Darlix, A., de Champfleur, N. M., & Duffau, H. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2018.2834159 · Cited by 8
Understanding Statistical Significance: A Conceptual History
Little, J. P. (2001) · Journal of Technical Writing and Communication · doi:10.2190/tul8-x9n5-n000-8lkv · Cited by 8
Increased thromboxane A2 synthesis by rat lung neutrophils during selenium deficiency
Eskew, M. L., Zarkower, A., Scheuchenzuber, W. J., Hildenbrandt, G. R., Scholz, R. W., & Reddy, C. C. (1993) · Prostaglandins · doi:10.1016/0090-6980(93)90097-q · Cited by 8
Anderson, R. G. W. (1992) · Journal of the Institute of Brewing · doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1992.tb01095.x · Cited by 8
Intestinal Absorption of Glucose in Protein-deficient and in Starving Rats
Heller, H. (1954) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19540055 · Cited by 8
S-MARKS: A Middleware Secure by Design for the Pervasive Computing Environment
Ahamed, S. I., Haque, M. M., & Asif, K. M. I. (2007) · doi:10.1109/itng.2007.172 · Cited by 8
The rise of quantitative methods in psychology
Cousineau, D. (2005) · Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology · doi:10.20982/tqmp.01.1.p001 · Cited by 8
Variations in the Pigment and Vitamin A Contents of Egg Yolk
Grimbleby, F. H., & Black, D. J. G. (1950) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19500057 · Cited by 8
Measurement of the molecular weight distributions in human muscular deoxyribonucleic acid
Zahn, R. K. (1983) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(83)90089-1 · Cited by 8
Statistical evaluation of sister chromatid exchanges
Vercauteren, P., Meulepas, E., VLIETINCK, R. F., Cassiman, J. J., & BERGHE, H. V. D. (1984) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00270559 · Cited by 8
Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk
Feinberg, J. B., Nielsen, E. E., Gluud, C. N., Lindschou, J., Kondrup, J., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011598 · Cited by 8
Robust radio interferometric calibration
Yatawatta, S., & Kazemi, S. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6854633 · Cited by 7
Shortwave Radiative Flux Variability Through the Lens of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Chtirkova, B., Folini, D., Correa, L. F., & Wild, M. (2024) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2023jd040520 · Cited by 7
Physical influence on larvicidal and pupicidal activity of the silicone-based monomolecular film
Ngrenngarmlert, W., Sukkanon, C., Yaicharoen, R., & Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2016) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.07.012 · Cited by 7
Hypothesis Testing and Statistics
Bonamente, M. (2016) · Graduate texts in physics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6572-4_7 · Cited by 7
Tate, R. L., Perdices, M., Rosenkoetter, U., McDonald, S., Togher, L., Shadish, W. R., Horner, R. H., Kratochwill, T. R., Barlow, D. H., Kazdin, A. E., et al. (2019) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2019.03.001 · Cited by 10
Newburger, E., & Elmqvist, N. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3326521 · Cited by 7
Introductory Statistics with R for Educational Researchers
Tikka, S., Kopra, J., Heinäniemi, M., López‐Pernas, S., & Saqr, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54464-4_5 · Cited by 7
Gáborčíková, Z., Bartók, J., Ondík, I. M., Benešová, W., Ivica, L., Hnilicová, S., & Gaál, L. (2024) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos15080890 · Cited by 7
Dafoe, J., Chen, N., Chen, B., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Cybersecurity · doi:10.1186/s42400-024-00287-9 · Cited by 7
Zondervan, R. L., Popovich, J. M., Radcliffe, C. J., Pathak, P. K., & Reeves, N. P. (2016) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.002 · Cited by 7
Lenart, J., Tichavský, R., Večeřa, J., Kapustová, V., & Šilhán, K. (2017) · Geomorphology · doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.031 · Cited by 7
Hassine, J., Hamou‐Lhadj, A., & Alawneh, L. M. (2017) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2017.11.007 · Cited by 7
Levman, J. E. D., Fang, Z., Zumwalt, K., Cogger, L., Vasung, L., MacDonald, P., Lim, A., & Takahashi, E. (2018) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2018.0582 · Cited by 7
Korpelainen, H., & Pietiläinen, M. (2019) · Plant Systematics and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00606-019-01568-4 · Cited by 7
Ferromagnetic instability for the single-band Hubbard model in the strong-coupling regime
Kamogawa, Y., Nasu, J., & Koga, A. (2019) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.235107 · Cited by 7
Aga, J., Piermattei, L., Girod, L., Aalstad, K., Eiken, T., Kääb, A., & Westermann, S. (2024) · Earth Surface Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024 · Cited by 10
Pfeiffer, P., & Müller, S. C. (2015) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.4919217 · Cited by 7
Cassidy, D. T. (2012) · Open Journal of Statistics · doi:10.4236/ojs.2012.25067 · Cited by 7
On weighted approximations in D[0, 1] with applications to self-normalized partial sum processes
Csörgő, M., Szyszkowicz, B., & Wang, Q. (2008) · Acta Mathematica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae · doi:10.1007/s10474-008-7216-5 · Cited by 7
Barr, T. S. A. (2013) · Restorative Justice · doi:10.5235/20504721.1.3.389 · Cited by 7
Uncertainty visualization of multi-providers cartographic integration
Berjawi, B., Duchateau, F., Chesneau, É., Favetta, F., Seccia, G., Cunty, C., Miquel, M., & Laurini, R. (2014) · Journal of Visual Languages & Computing · doi:10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.10.033 · Cited by 7
Bowlick, F. J., & Kolden, C. A. (2013) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098265.2013.801068 · Cited by 7
Testing Serial Crime Events for Randomness in Day‐of‐Week Patterns with Small Samples
Wheeler, A. P. (2015) · Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling · doi:10.1002/jip.1449 · Cited by 7
Goodwin, J. R., Cannaday, A. E., Palmeri, H., Mata, A. D. C., Emberson, L. L., & Aslin, R. Ν. (2016) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.3.3.031415 · Cited by 7
Functions of Random Variables and Error Propagation
Bonamente, M. (2016) · Graduate texts in physics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6572-4_4 · Cited by 7
Self-normalization: Taming a wild population in a heavy-tailed world
Shao, Q.-M., & Zhou, W. (2017) · Applied mathematics/Applied Mathematics. A Journal of Chinese Universities/Gao-xiao yingyong shuxue xuebao · doi:10.1007/s11766-017-3552-y · Cited by 7
Learning from small datasets containing nominal attributes
Li, D., Chen, H.-Y., & Shi, Q.-S. (2018) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2018.02.069 · Cited by 7
Taguchi, V. J., Carey, E. S., & Hunt, W. F. (2018) · Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment · doi:10.1061/jswbay.0000872 · Cited by 7
A generalization of Poisson-Sujatha distribution and its applications to ecology
Shanker, R., & Shukla, K. K. (2019) · International Journal of Biomathematics · doi:10.1142/s179352451950013x · Cited by 7
Predicting Memory Compiler Performance Outputs Using Feed-forward Neural Networks
Last, F., Haeberlein, M., & Schlichtmann, U. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems · doi:10.1145/3385262 · Cited by 7
Yedutenko, M., Howlett, M. H. C., & Kamermans, M. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp282152 · Cited by 7
Dempster, A. P. (1977) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-307560-4.50010-7 · Cited by 7
Greselin, F., Piacenza, F., & Zitikis, R. (2019) · Risks · doi:10.3390/risks7020050 · Cited by 7
A century of mammal research: changes in research paradigms and emphases
Bradley, R. D., & Dowler, R. C. (2018) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy147 · Cited by 8
Glucocorticosteroids for people with alcoholic hepatitis (Cochrane review)
Pavlov, C. S., Varganova, D. L., Casazza, G., Tsochatzis, E. A., Nikolova, D., & Gluud, C. N. (2019) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000354 · Cited by 7
The Monte Carlo Method for Array Criticality Calculations
Dickinson, D., & Whitesides, G. E. (1976) · Nuclear Technology · doi:10.13182/nt76-a31614 · Cited by 7
Lack of Initiating Activity of Kojic Acid on Hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 Rats
Watanabe, T., Mori, T., Kitamura, Y., Umemura, T., Okamura, M., Kashida, Y., Nishikawa, A., Hirose, M., & Mitsumori, K. (2005) · Journal of Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1293/tox.18.79 · Cited by 7
Service sharing with trust in pervasive environment
Ahamed, S. I., Haque, M. M., & Talukder, N. (2008) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/1363686.1364070 · Cited by 7
Estimating crustal thickness in Belgium and surrounding regions from Moho-reflected waves
Sichien, E., Henriet, J. ‐., Camelbeeck, T., & Bernard De Baets, C. (2012) · Tectonophysics · doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.050 · Cited by 7
Guzmán, A., García, C., Marín, A., Proudlock, R. J., de Henestrosa, A. R. F., Ruiz, M. T., Tortajada, A., Lloyd, M., & Marcos, R. (2008) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.03.011 · Cited by 7
DOBSON, I. D., & Teal, P. E. A. (1986) · Physiological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1986.tb00431.x · Cited by 7
Jin, M., Dewa, Y., Kawai, M., Nishimura, J., Saegusa, Y., Kemmochi, S., Harada, T., Shibutani, M., & Mitsumori, K. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.07.006 · Cited by 7
T�nnis, D. (1964) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf00418766 · Cited by 7
Schnitzenbaumer, B., Arendt, E. K., & Titze, J. (2012) · Journal of Cereal Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2012.09.008 · Cited by 6
Kanagusuku, K., Dufflocq, P., Sánchez-Rea, A., Huamantinco, A. A., & Ramírez‐Amaro, S. (2021) · Universitas Scientiarum · doi:10.11144/javeriana.sc26-3.mcod · Cited by 6
Ramírez-Moreno, D. M., Lubinus, K. F., & Riveros, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.244556 · Cited by 7
Hao, L., Khajouei, F., Rodriguez, J., Kim, S., & Lee, E. J. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11020183 · Cited by 6
Lifetime healthcare expenditures across socioeconomic groups
Kallestrup‐Lamb, M., & Marin, A. O. K. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20209-1 · Cited by 6
The Significance Test Controversy Revisited
Lecoutre, B., & Poitevineau, J. (2014) · SpringerBriefs in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44046-9_5 · Cited by 6
Harper, B., Miladi, M., & Solouki, T. (2014) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1007/s13361-014-0955-3 · Cited by 6
Paris, F., Lecacheux, S., Idier, D., & Charles, E. (2014) · Ocean Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s10236-014-0746-1 · Cited by 6
Semantic-Improved Color Imaging Applications: It Is All About Context
Lindner, A. J., & Susstrunk, S. E. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2015.2410175 · Cited by 6
Zhang, C., Morrison, G. S., & Enzinger, E. (2016) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.017 · Cited by 6
Long-Term Outcome of Rockwood Capsular Shift for Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation
Murena, L., Guindani, N., Turino, S., Grassi, F. A., & Cherubino, P. (2016) · Journal of orthopaedic surgery · doi:10.1177/1602400325 · Cited by 6
Using Learning Analytics to Understand Scientific Modeling in the Classroom
Quigley, D., McNamara, C., Ostwald, J. L., & Sumner, T. (2017) · Frontiers in ICT · doi:10.3389/fict.2017.00024 · Cited by 7
Sample, Estimate, Tune: Scaling Bayesian Auto-Tuning of Data Science Pipelines
Anderson, A. W., Dubois, S., Cuesta‐Infante, A., & Veeramachaneni, K. K. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) · doi:10.1109/dsaa.2017.82 · Cited by 6
Promises and Perils of Inferring Personality on GitHub
van Mil, F., Rastogi, A., & Zaidman, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the ... ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement/International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement · doi:10.1145/3475716.3475775 · Cited by 5
Purver, M. B., Bassa, C., Cognard, I., Janssen, G. H., Karuppusamy, R., Kramer, M., Lee, K., Liu, K., McKee, J. W., Perrodin, D., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3434 · Cited by 6
McKay, R. C., Arblaster, J. M., & Hope, P. K. (2022) · Weather and Climate Dynamics · doi:10.5194/wcd-3-413-2022 · Cited by 6
Hovhannisyan, V., Vaseashta, A., Avanesyan, L. G., Sadoyan, R. R., Gasparyan, A., Shogheryan, S. A., Harutyunova, L., Mirumyan, L., & Gevorgyan, G. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12136312 · Cited by 6
Zhang, S., Wang, S., Dong, F., & Zhao, C. (2024) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2024.115025 · Cited by 6
Fatone, L., Marıanı, F., Recchioni, M. C., & Zirilli, F. (2012) · Journal of Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1155/2012/931609 · Cited by 6
On the physical interpretation of statistical data from black-box systems
Eliazar, I., & Cohen, M. H. (2013) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2013.02.021 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Student
- Corresponding author
- Student
- Venue
- Biometrika
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1908-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1
- ISSN
- 0006-3444 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205110562
- Cited by
- 1,363
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biometrika (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- probable error, mean, sampling error, standard errors, confidence limits
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review