Minimum effective bolus dose of oxytocin during elective Caesarean delivery
Open accessAbstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the lowest effective bolus dose of oxytocin to produce adequate uterine tone (UT) during elective Caesarean delivery (CD).Methods Seventy-five pregnant patients undergoing elective CD under spinal anaesthesia were randomized to receive oxytocin (0.5, 1, 3, 5 units) or placebo. UT was assessed by a blinded obstetrician as either adequate or inadequate, and using a verbal numerical scale score (0-10; 0, no UT; 10, optimal UT) at 2, 3, 6, and 9 min after oxytocin administration. Minimum effective doses of oxytocin were analysed (ED(50) and ED(95)) using logistic regression. Oxytocin-related side-effects (including hypotension) were recorded.Results There were no significant differences in the prevalence of adequate UT among the study groups at 2 min (73%, 100%, 93%, 100%, and 93% for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 units oxytocin, respectively). The high prevalence of adequate UT after placebo and low-dose oxytocin precluded determination of the ED(50) and ED(95). UT scores were significantly lower in patients receiving 0 unit oxytocin at 2 and 3 min compared with 3 and 5 units oxytocin (P<0.05, respectively). The prevalence of hypotension was significantly higher after 5 units oxytocin vs 0 unit at 1 min (47% vs 7%; P=0.04).Conclusions The routine use of 5 units oxytocin during elective CD can no longer be recommended, as adequate UT can occur with lower doses of oxytocin (0.5-3 units).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oxytocin treatment, especially oxytocin bolus application, can lead to tachycardia.
“there are numerous publications reporting that oxytocin treatment, especially oxytocin bolus application, can lead to tachycardia [25, 26].”
Cites
Prevalence and risk factors of severe obstetric haemorrhage
Al‐Zirqi, I., Vangen, S., Forsén, L., & Stray‐Pedersen, B. (2008) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01859.x · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Bose, P., Regan, F. A. M., & Paterson‐Brown, S. (2006) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01018.x · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Thomas, J. S., Koh, S.-B., & COOPER, G. M. (2006) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/ael302 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Oxytocin Requirements at Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Dose-Finding Study
Carvalho, J. C. A., Balki, M., Kingdom, J. C., & Windrim, R. C. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000142709.04450.bd · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour
Cotter, A. M., Ness, A., & Tolosa, J. E. (2001) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001808 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Haemodynamic changes caused by oxytocin during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia
Pinder, A., Dresner, M., Calow, C., Shorten, G. D., O'Riordan, J. A., & Johnson, R. (2002) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1054/ijoa.2002.0970 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
ED50and ED95of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Coadministered with Opioids for Cesarean Delivery
Ginosar, Y., Mirikatani, E., Drover, D. R., Cohen, S. E., & Riley, E. T. (2004) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200403000-00031 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationMinimum Oxytocin Dose Requirement After Cesarean Delivery for Labor Arrest
Balki, M., Ronayne, M., Davies, S., Fallah, S., Kingdom, J. C., Windrim, R. C., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000191529.52596.c0 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery in Severe Preeclampsia
Dyer, R. A., Piercy, J. L., Reed, A., Lombard, C. J., Schoeman, L., & James, M. F. (2008) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000311153.84687.c7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Intravenous oxytocin bolus of 2 units is superior to 5 units during elective Caesarean section
Sartain, J. B., Barry, J. J., Howat, P., McCormack, D. I., & Bryant, M. (2008) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aen273 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
George, R. B., McKeen, D. M., Chaplin, A. C., & McLeod, L. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-010-9297-1 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The ED50and ED95of Intrathecal Isobaric Bupivacaine with Opioids for Cesarean Delivery
Carvalho, B., Durbin, M., Drover, D. R., Cohen, S. E., Ginosar, Y., & Riley, E. T. (2005) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200509000-00025 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationHalpern, S. H., Soliman, A., Yee, J., Angle, P., & Ioscovich, A. (2008) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aen352 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of oxytocin in the human subject.
Leake, R. D., Weitzman, R. E., & Fisher, D. A. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Dupont, C., Touzet, S., Colin, C., Deneux‐Tharaux, C., Rabilloud, M., Clement, H. J., Lansac, J., Bouvier‐Colle, M., & Rudigoz, R. C. (2009) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.02.017 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The MFMU Cesarean Registry: Uterine atony after primary cesarean delivery
Rouse, D. J., Leindecker, S., Landon, M. B., Bloom, S. L., Varner, M. W., Moawad, A. H., Spong, C. Y., Caritis, S. N., Harper, M., Wapner, R. J., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.077 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wedisinghe, L., Macleod, M., & Murphy, D. J. (2007) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.04.007 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Intravenous Oxytocin in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section
Sarna, M. C., Soni, A. K., Gómez, M., & Oriol, N. E. (1997) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-199704000-00010 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Intravenous Oxytocin in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section
Sarna, M. C., Soni, A. K., Gómez, M., & Oriol, N. E. (1997) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-199704000-00010 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Nafisi, S. (2007) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.10.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Murphy, D. J., MacGregor, H., Munishankar, B., & McLeod, G. A. (2008) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.09.004 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Archer, T. L., Knape, K. G., Liles, D., Wheeler, A., & Carter, B. (2008) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2008.03.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Uterine massage and postpartum blood loss
Abdel‐Aleem, H., Hofmeyr, G. J., Shokry, M., & Elsonosy, E. D. (2006) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.03.006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
McLeod, G. A., Munishankar, B., MacGregor, H., & Murphy, D. J. (2010) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.08.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Murphy, D. J., Carey, M., Montgomery, A. A., Sheehan, S. R., & The ECSSIT Study Group (2009) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-9-36 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Minimum effective bolus dose of oxytocin during elective Caesarean delivery
Breeze, E. (2010) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeq104 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evidence-based surgery for cesarean delivery: an updated systematic review
Dahlke, J. D., Figueroa, H. M., Rouse, D. J., Berghella, V., Baxter, J. K., & Chauhan, S. P. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.02.043 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
Gallos, I. D., Williams, H., Price, M. J., Merriel, A., Gee, H., Lissauer, D. M., Moorthy, V., Tobı́as, A., Deeks, J. J., Widmer, M., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011689.pub2 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Lipman, S. S., Cohen, S. E., Einav, S., Jeejeebhoy, F. M., Mhyre, J. M., Morrison, L. J., Katz, V. L., Tsen, L. C., Daniels, K. I., Halamek, L. P., et al. (2014) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000000171 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationInternational consensus statement on the use of uterotonic agents during caesarean section
Heesen, M. A., Carvalho, B., Carvalho, J. C. A., Duvekot, J. J., Dyer, R. A., Lucas, D. N., McDonnell, N., Orbach‐Zinger, S., & Kinsella, S. M. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14757 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationUterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
Gallos, I. D., Papadopoulou, A., Man, R., Athanasopoulos, N., Tobı́as, A., Price, M. J., Williams, M. J., Diaz, V., Pasquale, J., Chamillard, M., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011689.pub3 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Moertl, M., Friedrich, S., Kraschl, J., Wadsack, C., Lang, U. E., & Schlembach, D. (2011) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03022.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Postpartum haemorrhage: prevention and treatment
Sentilhes, L., Merlot, B., Madar, H., Sztark, F., Brun, S., & Deneux-Tharaux, C. (2016) · Expert Review of Hematology · doi:10.1080/17474086.2016.1245135 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Oxytocin for labour and caesarean delivery: implications for the anaesthesiologist
Dyer, R. A., Butwick, A. J., & Carvalho, B. (2011) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0b013e328345331c · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationQuintana, D. S., Westlye, L. T., Rustan, Ø. G., Tesli, N., Poppy, C. L., Smevik, H., Tesli, M., Røine, M., Mahmoud, R. A., Smerud, K. T., et al. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.93 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
ST depression at caesarean section and the relation to oxytocin dose. A randomised controlled trial
Jonsson, M., Hanson, U., Lidell, C., & Nordén‐Lindeberg, S. (2009) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02356.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The use of uterotonic drugs during caesarean section
Dyer, R. A., van Dyk, D., & Dresner, A. (2010) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.04.011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Kovacheva, V., Soens, M., & Tsen, L. C. (2015) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000000682 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Carbetocin versus oxytocin in caesarean section with high risk of post-partum haemorrhage
Larciprete, G. (2013) · Journal of Prenatal Medicine · doi:10.11138/jpm/2013.7.1.012 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Oxytocin protocols during cesarean delivery: time to acknowledge the risk/benefit ratio?
Tsen, L. C., & Balki, M. (2010) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.05.001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Khan, M., Balki, M., Ahmed, I., Farine, D., Seaward, G. R., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-013-0082-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sack, M., Spieler, D., Wizelman, L., Epple, G., Stich, J., Zaba, M., & Schmidt, U. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0801-0 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Uterotonic drugs to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
Gallos, I. D., Williams, H., Price, M. J., Pickering, K., Merriel, A., Tobı́as, A., Lissauer, D. M., Gee, H., Tunçalp, Ö., Gyte, G. M., et al. (2019) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta23090 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Refractory uterine atony: still a problem after all these years
Balki, M., & Wong, C. A. (2021) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103207 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Reyes, O., & González, G. (2011) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)35077-0 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cordovani, D., Balki, M., Farine, D., Seaward, G. R., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-012-9728-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Oxytocin Dosing at Caesarean Section
Stephens, L. C., & Bruessel, T. (2012) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x1204000206 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ghosh, S., Bhattacharya, S., Ray, D., Mallick, S., & Laha, A. (2013) · Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/0970-9185.105790 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Duffield, A. T., McKenzie, C. P., Carvalho, B., Ramachandran, B., Yin, V., El-Sayed, Y. Y., Riley, E. T., & Butwick, A. J. (2016) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001658 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAnandakrishnan, S., Balki, M., Farine, D., Seaward, G. R., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-013-0028-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Zou, M., Zhang, C., He, J., Mao, S., Wu, Q., He, M., Wang, J., Zhang, R., & Zhang, L. (2014) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.05.008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Medical prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: a comparison of different guidelines
Bohlmann, M. K., & Rath, W. H. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-013-3016-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Drew, T., Balki, M., Farine, D. R., Ye, X. Y., Downey, K., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14944 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Oxytocin at elective caesarean delivery: a dose‐finding study in women with obesity
Peska, E., Balki, M., Maxwell, C. V., Ye, X. Y., Downey, K., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2020) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15322 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
McDonagh, F., Carvalho, J. C. A., Abdulla, S. J., Cordovani, D., Downey, K., Ye, X. Y., Farine, D. R., Morais, M., & Balki, M. (2022) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15714 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dupont, C., Ducloy‐Bouthors, A. ‐., & Huissoud, C. (2014) · Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction. Supplément/Journal de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.09.025 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Phung, L. C., Farrington, E., Connolly, M., Wilson, A. N., Carvalho, B., Homer, C., & Vogel, J. P. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.04.258 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationAchondroplasia: anaesthetic challenges for caesarean section
Dubiel, L., Scott, G. A., Agaram, R., McGrady, E. M., Duncan, A., & Litchfield, K. (2014) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.02.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hang, L., Shao, D., & Sun, W. (2011) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13195 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Are we using right dose of oxytocin?
Harsoor, S., & Duggappa, D. (2010) · Indian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/0019-5049.71020 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Farber, M. K., Schultz, R., Lugo, L., Liu, X., Huang, C., & Tsen, L. C. (2015) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.03.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Oxytocin Protocols for Cesarean Delivery
Balki, M., & Tsen, L. C. (2014) · International Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1097/aia.0000000000000016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Impact of dose‐finding studies on administration of oxytocin during caesarean section in the UK
West, R., West, S. J., SIMONS, R. S., & McGlennan, A. (2013) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.12381 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rumboll, C. K., Dyer, R. A., & Lombard, C. J. (2015) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.08.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cardio-Obstetrics: A Review for the Cardiac Anesthesiologist
Girnius, A., & Meng, M. (2021) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2021.06.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tabl, S., Balki, M., Downey, K., TOMLINSON, G. A., Farine, D. R., Seaward, G. R., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2018) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14480 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Prophylactic use of oxytocin at caesarean section: where are the guidelines?
Weale, N. K., & Laxton, C. (2013) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.12337 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The interrater reliability and agreement of a 0 to 10 uterine tone score in cesarean delivery
Cole, N. M., Abushoshah, I., Fields, K. G., Carusi, D. A., Robinson, J. N., Bateman, B. T., & Farber, M. K. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100342 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kim, T.-S., Bae, J., Park, J.-M., & Kang, S.-K. (2011) · Korean Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4097/kjae.2011.61.6.482 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
Gallos, I. D., Yunas, I., Devall, A., Podesek, M., Tobı́as, A., Price, M. J., Oladapo, O. T., & Coomarasamy, A. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011689.pub4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Metodología, I. Y., & del Grupo, R. (2013) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Qian, X. W., Drzymalski, D. M., Lv, C., Guo, F. H., Wang, L. Y., & Chen, X. Z. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2692-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Prophylactic Dose of Oxytocin for Uterine Atony during Caesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review
Baliulienė, V., Vitartaitė, M., & Rimaitis, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18095029 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
RETIRED: Guidelines for Oxytocin Administration after Birth: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 2
(2014) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12528 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Abdelaleem, A. A., Abbas, A. M., Thabet, A. L., Badran, E., & El-Nashar, I. H. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1471461 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Impact of a third stage of labor oxytocin protocol on cesarean delivery outcomes
Lee, A. I., Wong, C. A., Healy, L. E., & Toledo, P. (2013) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.09.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bansal, R., Cecilia, M., Vijayaselvi, R., Lakshmi, L., & Jose, R. (2018) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_419_18 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Oxytocin at Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Dose-Finding Study in Pregnant People With Twin Pregnancy
Peska, E., Balki, M., Pfeifer, W., Maxwell, C. V., Ye, X. Y., Downey, K., & Carvalho, J. C. A. (2022) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000006309 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bahr, M. H., Mahmoud, A. A. A., Ahmed, A. G., Elgamel, A. F., Abdelkader, M. A., & Hussein, H. A. (2023) · Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine · doi:10.5812/aapm-128782 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dell‐Kuster, S., Hoesli, I. M., Lapaire, O., Seeberger, E. E., Steiner, L. A., Bucher, H. C., & Girard, T. (2017) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aex034 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Actualización del protocolo de tratamiento de la hemorragia obstétrica
Morillas-Ramírez, F., Ortiz-Gómez, J. R., Palacio-Abizanda, F. J., Fornet-Ruiz, I., Lucas, R. P., & Bermejo-Albares, L. (2014) · Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación · doi:10.1016/j.redar.2013.11.013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Oxytocin in cesarean-sections. What's new?
Yamaguchi, E. T., Siaulys, M. M., & Torres, M. L. A. (2016) · Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2014.11.015 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kassa, M. T., Mkubwa, J. J., Shifa, J. Z., & Agizew, T. (2020) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v20i3.26 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tantry, T. P., Karanth, H., Anniyappa, S., Shetty, P. K., Upadya, M., Shenoy, S. P., & Kadam, D. (2022) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-022-03132-w · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Preferences in cesarean delivery surgical technique: a survey of maternal–fetal medicine fellows
Dahlke, J. D., Figueroa, H. M., Shim, H. G., Lopes, V., Clark, M. A., Berghella, V., Baxter, J. K., & Chauhan, S. P. (2014) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.905770 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Duggappa, D., Gangadharaiah, R., Kannan, S., Lokesh, S. B., Harsoor, K., Sunanda, K., & Nethra, S. (2017) · Indian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/ija.ija_256_17 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Intrapartum oxytocin: time to focus on longer term consequences?
Monks, D. T., & Palanisamy, A. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14746 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Clunies-Ross, N., Roston, T. M., Taylor, J. D., Whyte, S. D., Albert, A., Görges, M., & Chau, A. M. T. (2020) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000004712 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
What’s new in obstetric anesthesia: the 2011 Gerard W. Ostheimer lecture
Toledo, P. (2012) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.11.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Papazian, J., & Kacmar, R. M. (2017) · Advances in Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.aan.2017.07.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Thorneloe, B., Carvalho, J. C. A., Downey, K., & Balki, M. (2018) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.09.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Somjit, M., Surojananon, J., Kongwattanakul, K., Kasemsiri, C., Sirisom, M., Prawannoa, K., Thepsuthammarat, K., & Komwilaisak, R. (2020) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s260073 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Joseph, J., George, S. K., Daniel, M. L., & Ranjan, R. (2020) · Indian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.4103/ija.ija_377_20 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Elfayomy, A. K. (2015) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.12702 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
ST depression at caesarean section and the relation to oxytocin dose. A randomised controlled trial
Butwick, A. J., & Dyer, R. A. (2010) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02625.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMinimum effective bolus dose of oxytocin during elective Caesarean delivery
Breeze, E. (2010) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeq104 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Abirami, T. L., Rudingwa, P., Jha, A., Kuberan, A., Kubera, N. S., Ramachandran, S., & Ravichandrane, B. (2025) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2025.104704 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Muir, H. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-013-0030-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wei, C. N., Deng, J. L., Dong, J. H., Ping, Z. P., & Chen, X. Z. (2020) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s258651 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Heesen, M. A., & Orbach‐Zinger, S. (2022) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2022.02.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Side-effects of oxytocin in postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zeng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhen, M., Lao, L., Ma, Y., Liu, L., Fan, D., & Ai, W. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Uterotonics and tocolytics for anesthesiologists
Sumikura, H., & Inada, E. (2016) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000000332 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
[editor], D. M. (2025) · Australasian anaesthesia · doi:10.60115/11055/1305 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Boonstra, L., Carvalho, J. C. A., Turner, W., Downey, K., Ye, X. Y., Thomas, J. A., & Balki, M. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-024-02828-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Second-Line Uterotonics for Uterine Atony
Cole, N. M., Kim, J., Lumbreras-Marquez, M. I., Fields, K. G., Méndez-Pino, L., Farber, M. K., Carusi, D. A., Toledo, P., & Bateman, B. T. (2024) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005744 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Miyoshi, Y., Kaneko, S., Suga, S., Koga, M., Sugimi, S., Yamashita, H., Yamaguchi, M., & Yasuhi, I. (2020) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443615.2020.1780421 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
(2012) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aer484 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ocitocina em cesarianas. O que há de novo?
Yamaguchi, E. T., Siaulys, M. M., & Torres, M. L. A. (2015) · Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bjan.2014.11.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Orbach‐Zinger, S., Einav, S., Yona, A., Eidelman, L. A., Fein, S., Davis, A., & Ioscovich, A. (2017) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1366981 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Onwochei, D. N., Desai, N., & Tsen, L. C. (2024) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2024.10.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Koons, N. J., Stanwyck, C. O., Xie, J., Michel, G., Lyell, D. J., Carvalho, B., Bateman, B. T., & Ansari, J. R. (2025) · Obstetric Anesthesia Digest · doi:10.1097/01.aoa.0001192240.20227.3c · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationNoninvasive continuous hemoglobin monitoring of blood transfusion in obstetric procedures
Beleta, M. I., Abdallah, S. R., Hammad, Y. M., Yahia, H. E. M., Ali, A. A. E., Mohamed, A. A., & Abdelhamid, B. M. (2022) · Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1080/11101849.2022.2153976 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dell‐Kuster, S., Hoesli, I. M., Lapaire, O., Seeberger, E. E., Steiner, L. A., Bucher, H. C., & Girard, T. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1285-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yaliwal, R. G., Biradar, A. M., Dharmarao, P. S., Kori, S., Mudanur, S. R., Patil, N. G., Shiragur, S. S., & Mathapati, S. S. (2020) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s280842 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kovacheva, V., Soens, M., & Tsen, L. C. (2016) · Obstetric Anesthesia Digest · doi:10.1097/01.aoa.0000482592.65511.c9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Carbetocin Versus Misoprostol in Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in High Risk Patients
Ismail, I. A. E. M., Fahmy, M. S. E. D., Farouk, H., & Ismail, I. A. E. M. (2019) · The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejhm.2019.47460 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Minimum effective bolus dose of oxytocin during elective Caesarean delivery
Lohit, M., & Slater, P. (2010) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeq147 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Shen, Y.-H., Yang, F., Jin, L., Qian, Y., Li, X., Huang, Y., Lin, S.-F., & Xiao, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.720906 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wei, C. N., Drzymalski, D. M., Cao, Y. F., Ping, Z. P., Wu, H. B. K., & Chen, X. Z. (2021) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-021-01090-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sichitiu, J., Baud, D., & Desseauve, D. (2021) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1962841 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Perioperative management of a parturient with hyponatraemia due to carbamazepine therapy
Staikou, ., Mani, A., & Petropoulos, G. (2011) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.10.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tsima, B. M., Madzimbamuto, F. D., & Mash, R. J. (2013) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.418 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Imai, K., Kotani, T., Ushida, T., Moriyama, Y., Nakano, T., & Kikkawa, F. (2019) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443615.2019.1581748 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zagrodnik, E., Ziętek, M., Machałowski, T., Dołęgowska, B., & Szczuko, M. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13030685 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
What's New in Obstetric Anesthesia? The 2011 Gerard W. Ostheimer Lecture
Toledo, P. (2011) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3182367a94 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
RETIRED: Guidelines for Oxytocin Administration after Birth: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 2
(2015) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1111/1751-486x.12199 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Butwick, A. J., Coleman, L., Cohen, S. E., Riley, E. T., & Carvalho, B.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Butwick, A.J.
- Venue
- British Journal of Anaesthesia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 338-343
- ISSN
- 0007-0912 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100236150
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
- Keywords
- oxytocin, bolus dosing, elective cesarean section, uterine tone, minimum effective dose, hypotension, spinal anesthesia, obstetric analgesia, dose reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Anesthesia, Spinal, Cesarean Section, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypotension, Infusions, Intravenous, Oxytocics, Oxytocin, Pregnancy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
