Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 448

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Default mode network functional and structural connectivity after traumatic brain injury

Open access
Sharp, David J., Beckmann, Christian F., Greenwood, Richard, Kinnunen, Kirsi M., Bonnelle, Valerie, De Boissezon, Xavier, Powell, Jane H., Counsell, Serena J., Patel, Maneesh C., Leech, Robert·2011·Brain
DOI 10.1093/brain/awr175
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury often results in cognitive impairments that limit recovery. The underlying pathophysiology of these impairments is uncertain, which restricts clinical assessment and management. Here, we use magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypotheses that: (i) traumatic brain injury results in abnormalities of functional connectivity within key cognitive networks; (ii) these changes are correlated with cognitive performance; and (iii) functional connectivity within these networks is influenced by underlying changes in structural connectivity produced by diffuse axonal injury. We studied 20 patients in the chronic phase after traumatic brain injury compared with age-matched controls. Network function was investigated in detail using functional magnetic resonance imaging to analyse both regional brain activation, and the interaction of brain regions within a network (functional connectivity). We studied patients during performance of a simple choice-reaction task and at 'rest'. Since functional connectivity reflects underlying structural connectivity, diffusion tensor imaging was used to quantify axonal injury, and test whether structural damage correlated with functional change. The patient group showed typical impairments in information processing and attention, when compared with age-matched controls. Patients were able to perform the task accurately, but showed slow and variable responses. Brain regions activated by the task were similar between the groups, but patients showed greater deactivation within the default mode network, in keeping with an increased cognitive load. A multivariate analysis of 'resting' state functional magnetic resonance imaging was then used to investigate whether changes in network function were present in the absence of explicit task performance. Overall, default mode network functional connectivity was increased in the patient group. Patients with the highest functional connectivity had the least cognitive impairment. In addition, functional connectivity at rest also predicted patterns of brain activation during later performance of the task. As expected, patients showed widespread white matter damage compared with controls. Lower default mode network functional connectivity was seen in those patients with more evidence of diffuse axonal injury within the adjacent corpus callosum. Taken together, our results demonstrate altered patterns of functional connectivity in cognitive networks following injury. The results support a direct relationship between white matter organization within the brain's structural core, functional connectivity within the default mode network and cognitive function following brain injury. They can be explained by two related changes: a compensatory increase in functional connectivity within the default mode network; and a variable degree of structural disconnection that modulates this change in network function.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/brain/awr175

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 27 references

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. Adams, 2000, The neuropathology of the vegetative state after an acute brain insult, Brain, 123, 1327, 10.1093/brain/123.7.1327 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Bigler, 2001, Neuropsychological testing defines the neurobehavioral significance of neuroimaging-identified abnormalities, Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 16, 227, 10.1093/arclin/16.3.227 · doi:10.1093/arclin/16.3.227
  3. Bonnelle, Default mode network connectivity predicts sustained attention deficits following traumatic brain injury, J Neurosci
  4. Chen, 2010, Traumatic brain injury: from bench to bedside to society, Neuron, 66, 11, 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.004 · DOI
  5. Christodoulou, 2001, Functional magnetic resonance imaging of working memory impairment after traumatic brain injury, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 71, 161, 10.1136/jnnp.71.2.161 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Deco, 2009, Key role of coupling, delay, and noise in resting brain fluctuations, P Natl Acad Sci, 106, 10302, 10.1073/pnas.0901831106 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Dockree, Electrophysiological markers of cognitive deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury: A review, Int J Psychophysiol
  8. Dosenbach, 2007, Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans, P Natl Acad Sci, 104, 11073, 10.1073/pnas.0704320104 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Gilbert, 2007, Comment on "Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought", Science, 317
  10. Gregoire, 2009, The Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale (MARS): reliability of a tool to map brain microbleeds, Neurology, 73, 1759, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c34a7d · DOI · Paper page
  11. Gusnard, 2001, Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function, P Natl Acad Sci USA, 98, 4259, 10.1073/pnas.071043098 · DOI · Paper page
  12. He, 2007, Breakdown of functional connectivity in frontoparietal networks underlies behavioral deficits in spatial neglect, Neuron, 53, 905, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.013 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Hesselmann, 2008, Spontaneous local variations in ongoing neural activity bias perceptual decisions, P Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, 10984, 10.1073/pnas.0712043105 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Horwitz, 1998, Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia, P Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 8939, 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8939 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Hua, 2008, Tract probability maps in stereotaxic spaces: analyses of white matter anatomy and tract-specific quantification, NeuroImage, 39, 336, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.053 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Jones, 2008, Studying connections in the living human brain with diffusion MRI, Cortex, 44, 936, 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.002 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Jorge, 2003, Mood disorders following traumatic brain injury, Int Rev Psychiatry, 15, 317, 10.1080/09540260310001606700 · DOI
  18. Kasahara, Altered functional connectivity in the motor network after traumatic brain injury, Neurology, 75, 168, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e7ca58 · DOI
  19. Kinnunen, 2010, White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury, Brain, 134, 449, 10.1093/brain/awq347 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Levine, 2006, In vivo characterization of traumatic brain injury neuropathology with structural and functional neuroimaging, J Neurotraum, 23, 1396, 10.1089/neu.2006.23.1396 · DOI
  21. Lowenstein, 2009, Traumatic brain injury: a glimpse of order among the chaos?, Ann Neurol, 66, A7, 10.1002/ana.21876 · DOI
  22. Mac Donald, 2007, Diffusion tensor imaging reliably detects experimental traumatic axonal injury and indicates approximate time of injury, J Neurosci, 27, 11869, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3647-07.2007 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Malec, 2007, The mayo classification system for traumatic brain injury severity, J Neurotraum, 24, 1417, 10.1089/neu.2006.0245 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Mayer, Functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury, Hum Brain Mapp
  25. Nakamura, 2009, Resting network plasticity following brain injury, PLoS One, 4, e8220, 10.1371/journal.pone.0008220 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Pearson, 2009, Neurons in posterior cingulate cortex signal exploratory decisions in a dynamic multioption choice task, Curr Biol, 19, 1532, 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.048 · DOI
  27. Povlishock, 2005, Update of neuropathology and neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury, J Head Traum Rehab, 20, 76, 10.1097/00001199-200501000-00008 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Price, 2006, Design and analysis of fMRI studies with neurologically impaired patients, J Magn Reson Imaging, 23, 816, 10.1002/jmri.20580 · DOI
  29. Pyka, 2009, Impact of working memory load on FMRI resting state pattern in subsequent resting phases, PLoS One, 4, e7198, 10.1371/journal.pone.0007198 · DOI
  30. Rasmussen, 2008, Simple dual tasking recruits prefrontal cortices in chronic severe traumatic brain injury patients, but not in controls, J Neurotraum, 25, 1057, 10.1089/neu.2008.0520 · DOI
  31. Scheibel, 2007, Altered brain activation during cognitive control in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, Neurorehab Neural Re, 21, 36, 10.1177/1545968306294730 · DOI
  32. Scheid, 2003, Diffuse axonal injury associated with chronic traumatic brain injury: evidence from T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging at 3 T, Am J Neuroradiol, 24, 1049
  33. Sharp, 2010, Increased frontoparietal integration after stroke and cognitive recovery, Ann Neurol, 68, 753, 10.1002/ana.21866 · DOI
  34. Sidaros, 2008, Diffusion tensor imaging during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury and relation to clinical outcome: a longitudinal study, Brain, 131, 559, 10.1093/brain/awm294 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Singh, 2008, Transient and linearly graded deactivation of the human default-mode network by a visual detection task, NeuroImage, 41, 100, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.051 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Smith, 2009, Correspondence of the brain's functional architecture during activation and rest, P Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 13040, 10.1073/pnas.0905267106 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Stuss, 2003, Staying on the job: the frontal lobes control individual performance variability, Brain, 126, 2363, 10.1093/brain/awg237 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Stuss, 1989, Reaction time after head injury: fatigue, divided and focused attention, and consistency of performance, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, 742, 10.1136/jnnp.52.6.742 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Stuss, 1989, Traumatic brain injury, aging and reaction time, Can J Neurol Sci, 16, 161, 10.1017/S0317167100028833 · DOI
  40. Wakana, 2007, Reproducibility of quantitative tractography methods applied to cerebral white matter, NeuroImage, 36, 630, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.049 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Zhang, 2010, Disease and the brain's dark energy, Nat Rev Neurol, 6, 15, 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.198 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 448

Metadata

Authors
Sharp, D. J., Beckmann, C. F., Greenwood, R., Kinnunen, K. M., Bonnelle, V., De Boissezon, X., Powell, J. H., Counsell, S. J., Patel, M. C., & Leech, R.
Venue
Brain
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2011-08
Volume
134
Issue
8
Pages
2233-2247
ISSN
  • 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2156
DOI
10.1093/brain/awr175
OpenAlex
W2042933433
Cited by
448
References
27
FWCI
13.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Default mode network functional and structural connectivity after traumatic brain injury. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/brain/awr175
The paper
Sharp, D. J., Beckmann, C. F., Greenwood, R., Kinnunen, K. M., Bonnelle, V., De Boissezon, X., Powell, J. H., Counsell, S. J., Patel, M. C., & Leech, R. (2011). Default mode network functional and structural connectivity after traumatic brain injury. Brain. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr175

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.