Taste sensitivity and aging: High incidence of decline revealed by repeated threshold measures
Abstract
Contrary to what has often been said about the subject, decline in taste sensitivity with aging characterizes virtually everybody and is not the artificial result of averaging large losses of a minority with negligible losses of a majority. This assertion is supported by six repeated measures of sucrose thresholds in each of 15 older (over 64 years) and 15 younger (under 27 years) adult subjects. Threshold was determined by a procedure similar to past studies and with the same results: much scatter and considerable overlap between the thresholds of younger and older subjects. A quite contrasting picture emerges, however, when each subject's six threshold determinations are averaged. Averaging shrinks the individual differences among subjects, as well as the over-lap between younger and older subjects. Although virtually all elderly subjects now revealed taste weakness, reliable individual differences in degree of weakness abound among them, suggesting various individual rates of physiological aging. In contrast, young persons exhibit greater uniformity of sensitivity. These findings were brought out by inter-test correlations, which were much higher for the older subjects; i.e. an older subject who tended to score high (low) on one test tended to score high (low) on the other tests. The study confirms the tenuous nature of brief threshold tests as indices of personal sensitivity as found earlier also in olfactory thresholds and in concurrent measurement of two-point touch thresholds in the present study. This revealed correlated losses between repeated taste and touch thresholds from the same 15 older subjects, unrelated to their exact chronological age.
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A range of existing perceptual sensitivity measures are in fact also measures of interoceptive ability, including tests of taste, hunger, thirst, satiety, oral temperature, muscular effort, pain, proprioception, and balance.
“While the cardiac, respiratory and gastric tests described above are the most commonly used measures used to explicitly assess interoceptive ability, as a wide variety of signals are considered to be interoceptive in nature, we would suggest that a range of existing perceptual sensitivity measures are in fact also measures of interoceptive ability.”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Stevens et al., 1995
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“Unfortunately a scarcity of data on trial-to-trial or day-to-day variation in perception of chemical taste (Mattes 1988; Stevens et al. 1995) makes it difficult to know how much of the variability observed here is specific to swTT.”
BackgroundSchiffman, S. S. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370880-9.00101-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Measuring consumers’ perceptions of sweet taste
Issanchou, S., & Nicklaus, S. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845691646.1.97 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Loss of Taste, Smell, and Other Senses with Age
Schiffman, S. S., Rogers, M. O., & Zervakis, J. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-391-0_9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of Aging on the Oral Phase of Deglutition
Malandraki, G. A., & Robbins, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3794-9_10 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“medications even without a profound underlying medical condition, which is the case for the majority of older adults [ 34, 38 ] .”
BackgroundSchluckstörungen im Alter: Physiologie und Pathophysiologie
Muhle, P., Wirth, R., Glahn, J., et al. (2015) · Der Nervenarzt · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tremblay, F., & Master, S. (2015) · Atlantis Press eBooks · doi:10.2991/978-94-6239-133-8_29 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Evidence‐based management of a patient with anosmia
Geyer, M., & Nilssen, E. L. K. (2008) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01819.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lee, M. (2013) · 대한지역사회영양학회지 · doi:10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.223 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stevens, J. C., Cruz, L. A., Hoffman, J. M., & Patterson, M. Q.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stevens, Joseph C.
- Venue
- Chemical Senses
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-459
- ISSN
- 0379-864X (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3553
- OpenAlex
- W1995439904
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Senses (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag010295-08)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 10295, AG04287)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- taste sensitivity, aging, individual differences, physiological aging, inter-test correlation, odor threshold
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Discrimination Learning, Humans, Individuality, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sensory Thresholds, Taste Disorders, Taste Threshold, Touch, Incidence
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