Susceptibility to hepatitis A virus infection in the United States, 2007–2016.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Despite national immunization efforts, including universal childhood hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations in 2006, hepatitis A virus (HAV)-associated outbreaks have increased in the United States. Unvaccinated or previously uninfected persons are susceptible to HAV infection, yet the susceptibility in the US population is not well known. METHODS: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016 data, we estimated HAV susceptibility prevalence (total HAV antibody negative) among persons aged ≥2 years. Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, we examined prevalence, predictors, and age-adjusted trends of HAV susceptibility by sociodemographic characteristics. We assessed HAV susceptibility and self-reported nonvaccination to HepA among risk groups and the "immunization cohort" (those born in or after 2004). RESULTS: Among US-born adults aged ≥20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence was 74.1% (95% confidence interval, 72.9-75.3%) during 2007-2016. Predictors of HAV susceptibility were age group 30-49 years, non-Hispanic white/black, 130% above the poverty level, and no health insurance. Prevalences of HAV susceptibility and nonvaccination to HepA, respectively, were 72.9% and 73.1% among persons who reported injection drug use, 67.5% and 65.2% among men who had sex with men, 55.2% and 75.1% among persons with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and 22.6% and 25.9% among the immunization cohort. Susceptibility and nonvaccination decreased over time among the immunization cohort but remained stable among risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: During 2007-2016, approximately three-fourths of US-born adults remained HAV susceptible. Enhanced vaccination efforts are critically needed, particularly targeting adults at highest risk for HAV infection, to mitigate the current outbreaks.
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Among U.S.-born adults aged >20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence (i.e., total antibody to HAV was negative) was 74.1% (95% CI: 72.9%-75.3%) during 2007-2016.
“Among U.S.-born adults aged >20 years, HAV susceptibility prevalence (i.e., total antibody to HAV was negative) was 74.1% (95% CI: 72.9%–75.3%) during 2007–2016 (1306).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1306]
The Abstract Results report 74.1% susceptibility (95% CI, 72.9%–75.3%) during 2007–2016, and the Abstract Methods define susceptibility as negative total HAV antibody. The reported population is US-born adults aged 20 years or older (≥20), whereas the claim says older than 20 (>20), which excludes 20-year-olds. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Yin, S., Barker, L., Ly, K. N., Kilmer, G., Foster, M. A., Drobeniuc, J., & Jiles, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yin, Shaoman
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-03-20
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e571-e579
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- PMC
- PMC11009793
- OpenAlex
- W3011134770
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Keywords
- hepatitis A virus, hepatitis A vaccination, hepatitis A outbreak, intravenous drug use, men who have sex with men, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, sociodemographic risk factors, health insurance, poverty, United States
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Humans, Immunization, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Pregnancy, United States, Vaccination, Hepatitis A Vaccines, Hepatitis A virus, Young Adult
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