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The Diagnostic Value of Halo and Reversed Halo Signs for Invasive Mold Infections in Compromised Hosts

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Georgiadou, S. P., Sipsas, N. V., Marom, E. M., Kontoyiannis, D. P.·2011·Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

The halo sign is a CT finding of ground-glass opacity surrounding a pulmonary nodule or mass. The reversed halo sign is a focal rounded area of ground-glass opacity surrounded by a crescent or complete ring of consolidation. In severely immunocompromised patients, these signs are highly suggestive of early infection by an angioinvasive fungus. The halo sign and reversed halo sign are most commonly associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary mucormycosis, respectively. Many other infections and noninfectious conditions, such as neoplastic and inflammatory processes, may also manifest with pulmonary nodules associated with either sign. Although nonspecific, both signs can be useful for preemptive initiation of antifungal therapy in the appropriate clinical setting. This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the halo sign and reversed halo sign in immunocompromised hosts and describes the wide spectrum of diseases associated with them.

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Authors: Georgiadou, S. P., Sipsas, N. V., Marom, E. M., & Kontoyiannis, D. P.
Affiliations: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
ORCID: Georgiadou, S. P.
Sipsas, N. V.
Marom, E. M.
Kontoyiannis, D. P.
Venue: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2011-04-04
Volume: 52
Issue: 9
Pages: 1144-1155
ISSN: 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
1537-6591
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir122
PMC: PMC3106265
OpenAlex: W2170108937
Cited by: 292
References: 117
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 14.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (CA 016672, P30CA016672)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
Keywords: halo sign, reversed halo sign, invasive fungal infections, pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary mucormycosis, immunocompromised patients, pulmonary nodules, ground-glass opacities, computed tomography, antifungal therapy, diagnostic value
MeSH terms: Adult, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule, Humans, Infections, Lung, Lung Diseases, Fungal, Male, Mucormycosis, Neoplasms, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Immunocompromised Host, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

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The Diagnostic Value of Halo and Reversed Halo Signs for Invasive Mold Infections in Compromised Hosts

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