Mortality Burden of the A/H1N1 Pandemic in Mexico: A Comparison of Deaths and Years of Life Lost to Seasonal Influenza
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BACKGROUND: The mortality burden of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic remains controversial, in part because of delays in reporting of vital statistics that are traditionally used to measure influenza-related excess mortality. Here, we compare excess mortality rates and years of life lost (YLL) for pandemic and seasonal influenza in Mexico and evaluate laboratory-confirmed death reports. METHODS: Monthly age- and cause-specific death rates from January 2000 through April 2010 and population-based surveillance of influenza virus activity were used to estimate excess mortality and YLL in Mexico. Age-stratified laboratory-confirmed A/H1N1 death reports were obtained from an active surveillance system covering 40% of the population. RESULTS: The A/H1N1 pandemic was associated with 11.1 excess all-cause deaths per 100,000 population and 445,000 YLL during the 3 waves of virus activity in Mexico, April-December 2009. The pandemic mortality burden was 0.6-2.6 times that of a typical influenza season and lower than that of the severe 2003-2004 influenza epidemic. Individuals aged 5-19 and 20-59 years were disproportionately affected relative to their experience with seasonal influenza. Laboratory-confirmed deaths captured 1 of 7 pandemic excess deaths overall but only 1 of 41 deaths in persons >60 years of age in 2009. A recrudescence of excess mortality was observed in older persons during winter 2010, in a period when influenza and respiratory syncytial virus cocirculated. CONCLUSIONS: Mexico experienced higher 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic mortality burden than other countries for which estimates are available. Further analyses of detailed vital statistics are required to assess geographical variation in the mortality patterns of this pandemic.
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In the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, Mexico experienced a higher mortality rate than higher-income countries.
“For example, globally, Mexico experienced a higher mortality rate than that in higher-income countries.12”
From The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
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WITHDRAWN: Intense Seasonal A/H1N1 Influenza in Mexico, Winter 2013–2014
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Multiplex RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Human Picornaviruses and Human Respiratory Viruses
Jokela, P. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
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- Authors
- Charu, V., Chowell, G., Palacio Mejia, L. S., Echevarría-Zuno, S., Borja-Aburto, V. H., Simonsen, L., Miller, M. A., & Viboud, C.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-11-15
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 985-993
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- PMC
- PMC3202315
- OpenAlex
- W2109227367
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 12.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- National Institutes of Health
- Science and Technology Directorate
- Fogarty International Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Keywords
- 2009 H1N1 pandemic, excess mortality, years of life lost, seasonal influenza, age-specific mortality, older adults, Mexico
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human, Life Expectancy, Mexico, Middle Aged, Seasons, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Young Adult, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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