Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in the United States During a Season With Circulation of All Three Vaccine Strains
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BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccines may be reformulated annually because of antigenic drift in influenza viruses. However, the relationship between antigenic characteristics of circulating viruses and vaccine effectiveness (VE) is not well understood. We conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of US influenza vaccines during the 2010-2011 season. METHODS: We performed a case-control study comparing vaccination histories between subjects with acute respiratory illness with positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza and influenza test-negative controls. Subjects with acute respiratory illness of ≤7 days duration were enrolled in hospitals, emergency departments, or outpatient clinics in communities in 4 states. History of immunization with the 2010-2011 vaccine was ascertained from vaccine registries or medical records. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated in logistic regression models adjusted for study community, age, race, insurance status, enrollment site, and presence of a high-risk medical condition. RESULTS: A total of 1040 influenza-positive cases and 3717 influenza-negative controls were included from the influenza season, including 373 cases of influenza A(H1N1), 334 cases of influenza A(H3N2), and 333 cases of influenza B. Overall adjusted VE was 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53%-66%). Age-specific VE estimates ranged from 69% (95% CI, 56%-77%) in children aged 6 months-8 years to 38% (95% CI, -16% to 67%) in adults aged ≥65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The US 2010-2011 influenza vaccines were moderately effective in preventing medically attended influenza during a season when all 3 vaccine strains were antigenically similar to circulating viruses. Continued monitoring of influenza vaccines in all age groups is important, particularly as new vaccines are introduced.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Treanor, J. J., Talbot, H. K., Ohmit, S. E., Coleman, L. A., Thompson, M. G., Cheng, P.-Y., Petrie, J. G., Lofthus, G., Meece, J. K., Williams, J. V., Berman, L., Breese Hall, C., Monto, A. S., Griffin, M. R., Belongia, E., Shay, D. K., & for the US Flu-VE Network
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Treanor, J. J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-25
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 951-959
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- PMC
- PMC3657521
- OpenAlex
- W2153244724
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 26.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Vanderbilt University
- University of Michigan
- Henry Ford Health System
- University of Rochester (U01 IP000183)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U18IP000170, U01 IP000183, U18IP000183, U01 IP000172, U18IP000172, U18IP000184, U01‐IP000170)
- Sanofi Pasteur
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K23AI074863)
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- seasonal influenza vaccine, vaccine effectiveness, 2010-2011 influenza season, antigenic drift, H1N1 influenza, H3N2, influenza B, age-specific vaccine effectiveness, acute respiratory illness, vaccine strain matching
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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