Adjuvanted influenza vaccines

Tregoning, John S.; Russell, Ryan F.; Kinnear, Ekaterina

doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1415684

Cited by 263Influenza Virus Research StudiesImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesBacterial Infections and Vaccines

Adjuvanted influenza vaccines

Open access

Tregoning, John S., Russell, Ryan F., Kinnear, Ekaterina·2018·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

DOI 10.1080/21645515.2017.1415684PMC PMC5861793

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Abstract

In spite of current influenza vaccines being immunogenic, evolution of the influenza virus can reduce efficacy and so influenza remains a major threat to public health. One approach to improve influenza vaccines is to include adjuvants; substances that boost the immune response. Adjuvants are particularly beneficial for influenza vaccines administered during a pandemic when a rapid response is required or for use in patients with impaired immune responses, such as infants and the elderly. This review outlines the current use of adjuvants in human influenza vaccines, including what they are, why they are used and what is known of their mechanism of action. To date, six adjuvants have been used in licensed human vaccines: Alum, MF59, AS03, AF03, virosomes and heat labile enterotoxin (LT). In general these adjuvants are safe and well tolerated, but there have been some rare adverse events when adjuvanted vaccines are used at a population level that may discourage the inclusion of adjuvants in influenza vaccines, for example the association of LT with Bell's Palsy. Improved understanding about the mechanisms of the immune response to vaccination and infection has led to advances in adjuvant technology and we describe the experimental adjuvants that have been tested in clinical trials for influenza but have not yet progressed to licensure. Adjuvants alone are not sufficient to improve influenza vaccine efficacy because they do not address the underlying problem of mismatches between circulating virus and the vaccine. However, they may contribute to improved efficacy of next-generation influenza vaccines and will most likely play a role in the development of effective universal influenza vaccines, though what that role will be remains to be seen.

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Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics
Harper, A., Vijayakumar, V., Ouwehand, A. C., ter Haar, J., Obis, D., Espadaler, J., Binda, S., Desiraju, S., & Day, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.596166 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Potential Consequences of Not Using Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
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Authors: Tregoning, J. S., Russell, R. F., & Kinnear, E.
Affiliations: Imperial College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Tregoning, John S.
ORCID: Tregoning, John S.
Venue: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-01-25
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Pages: 550-564
ISSN: 2164-5515 (ISSN-L)
2164-554X
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1415684
PMC: PMC5861793
OpenAlex: W2772049918
Cited by: 263
References: 162
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 2.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ADITEC (HEALTH-F4-2011-18 280873))
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Keywords: influenza vaccination, vaccine adjuvants, alum, MF59, AS03, virosomes, heat-labile enterotoxin, Bell's palsy, vaccine safety, vaccine efficacy, pandemic influenza, universal influenza vaccine, immune response mechanisms
MeSH terms: Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Vaccination, Pandemics

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