Cited by 53Regional Development and PolicyLocal Economic Development and PlanningRegional Development and Innovation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Policy and collective action in place

Open access
Feldman, Maryann, Lowe, Nichola·2018·Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society

Abstract

The role of policy is often misunderstood, either revered as a panacea or despised as a barrier to change. This is especially true in the process of regional transformation. This article develops a case of economic development policy as an adaptive and improvisational process: effective policy is endogenous and the result of negotiations and power relationships. Transforming a regional economy involves myriad policy actions so subtle and so numerous that they can easily be overlooked. The article conceptualises effective policy as the continuous culmination of programmatic adjustments in response to changing conditions, and opportunistic pivots to adjust to new circumstances. Creating innovative, entrepreneurial ecosystems challenge our existing economic models and suggest that complexity requires new conceptualisations of policy and planning.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/cjres/rsy011

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 50

  1. Alvedalen, 2017, A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Towards a future research agenda, European Planning Studies, 25, 887, 10.1080/09654313.2017.1299694 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Arthur, 2014, Complexity and the Economy
  3. Block, 2009, Where do innovations come from? Transformations in the US economy, 1970–2006, Socio-Economic Review, 7, 459, 10.1093/ser/mwp013 · DOI
  4. Bristow, 2014, Regional resilience: an agency perspective, Regional Studies, 48, 923, 10.1080/00343404.2013.854879 · DOI
  5. Cobb, 1993, The Selling of the South: The Southern Crusade for Industrial Development 1936–1990
  6. Colander, 2014, Complexity and the Art of Public Policy: Solving Society’s Problems from the Bottom Up
  7. Cummings, 2015, Brain magnet: the Research Triangle Park and the origins of the creative city, Journal of Urban History
  8. Dagger, 2005, Frederick P. Brooks Jr. ‘53
  9. Feld, 2012, Startup Communities: Building an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Your City, 10.1002/9781119204459 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Feldman, 2016, The logic of economic development: a definition and model for investment, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34, 5, 10.1177/0263774X15614653 · DOI
  11. Feldman, 2014, Focus on state economic development policy, Economic Development Quarterly, 28, 103, 10.1177/0891242414530325 · DOI
  12. Feldman, 2011, Restructuring for resilience, Innovations, 6, 129, 10.1162/INOV_a_00063 · DOI
  13. Feldman, 2015, Triangulating regional economies: realizing the promise of digital data, Research Policy, 44, 1785, 10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.015 · DOI
  14. Feldman, 2017, Evidence- based economic development policy, Innovations: Technology, governance, Globalization, 11, 34, 10.1162/inov_a_00255 · DOI
  15. Feldman, 2018, Policy and collective action in place, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11, 335, 10.1093/cjres/rsy011
  16. Goble, 2017, Organizing for innovation—do TLO characteristics correlate with technology transfer outcomes, The World Scientific Reference on Entrepreneurship, 4, 105, 10.1142/9789813220621_0005 · DOI
  17. Hamner, 1998, Letter to Michael Hooker
  18. Isaksen, 2015, Industrial development in thin regions: trapped in path extension, Journal of Economic Geography, 15, 585, 10.1093/jeg/lbu026 · DOI
  19. Ivey, 1968, Luther Hodges, Practical Idealist
  20. Key, 1949, Southern Politics in State and Nation
  21. Lanahan, 2015, The Multilevel Innovation Policy Mix: Three Essays on State SBIR Matching Programmes
  22. Lanahan, 2018, Approximating exogenous variation in R&D: evidence from the Kentucky and North Carolina SBIR state match programmes, Review of Economics and Statistics, 10.1162/rest_a_00681 · DOI
  23. Lerner, 1995, Venture capitalists and the oversight of private firms, Journal of Finance, 50, 301, 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1995.tb05175.x · DOI
  24. Lester, 2004, Innovation – The Missing Dimension, 10.4159/9780674040106 · DOI
  25. Link, 1995, A Generosity of Spirit: The Early History of the Research Triangle Park
  26. Link, 2002, From Seed to Harvest: The Growth of the Research Triangle Park
  27. Link, 2003, The growth of Research Triangle Park, Small Business Economics, 20, 167, 10.1023/A:1022216116063 · DOI
  28. Lowe, 2007, Job creation and the knowledge economy: lessons from North Carolina’s life science manufacturing initiative, Economic Development Quarterly, 21, 339, 10.1177/0891242407306359 · DOI
  29. Lowe, 2014, Beyond the deal: using industrial recruitment as a strategic tool for manufacturing development, Economic Development Quarterly, 28, 287, 10.1177/0891242412467365 · DOI
  30. Lowe, 2015, Breaking the waves: Innovating at the intersections of local economic development planning
  31. Martin, 2010, Roepke lecture in economic geography—Rethinking regional path dependence: beyond lock-in to evolution, Economic Geography, 86, 1, 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01056.x · DOI
  32. Martin, 2018, Reviving the ‘Northern Powerhouse’ and spatially rebalancing the British economy: the scale of the challenge, 23, 10.1007/978-3-319-62560-7_2 · DOI
  33. Martin, 2007, Complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography, Journal of Economic Geography, 7, 573, 10.1093/jeg/lbm019 · DOI · Paper page
  34. McCorkle, 2012, History and the “New Economy” narrative: the case of Research Triangle Park and North Carolina’s economic development, Journal of the Historical Society, 12, 479, 10.1111/j.1540-5923.2012.00378.x · DOI
  35. National Science Board, 2014, Science and Engineering Indicators 2014
  36. NC Biotechnology Center (NCBC), 1985, NC Biotechnology Center Annual Report, 1985
  37. NC Biotechnology Center (NCBC), 1987, NC Biotechnology Center Annual Report, 1987
  38. NC Biotechnology Center (NCBC), 1988, NC Biotechnology Center Annual Report, 1988
  39. New York Times, 1959, Research Institute to be set up near 3 North Carolina Schools, The New York Times, 116
  40. Rubin, 1988, Shoot anything that flies; claim anything that falls: Conversations with economic development practitioners, Economic Development Quarterly, 2, 236, 10.1177/089124248800200304 · DOI
  41. Rumsfeld, 2002, Department of Defense News Briefing
  42. Schrank, 2009, Industrial policy in the United States: a neo-Polanyian interpretation, Politics and Society, 37, 521, 10.1177/0032329209351926 · DOI
  43. Simmie, 2010, The economic resilience of regions: towards an evolutionary approach, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3, 27, 10.1093/cjres/rsp029 · DOI
  44. Simpson, 1957, North Carolina’s secret weapon: the research triangle, New York Times
  45. Stam, 2015, Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique, European Planning Studies, 23, 1759, 10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Stam, 2018, Entrepreneurial ecosystems, 10.4135/9781473984080.n21 · DOI
  47. Stark, 2011, The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life
  48. Sternberg, 1996, Reasons for the genesis of high-tech regions—theoretical explanation and empirical evidence, Geoforum, 27, 205, 10.1016/0016-7185(96)00007-3 · DOI
  49. Strang, 1998, Diffusion in organizations and social movements: from hybrid corn to poison pills, Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 265
  50. Tödtling, (2006), Innovation in knowledge intensive industries: the nature and geography of knowledgelinks, European Planning Studies, 14, 1035, 10.1080/09654310600852365 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

  • Toward an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Research Program

    Wurth, B., Stam, E., & Spigel, B. (2022) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258721998948 · Cited by 789

    “Actors within an ecosystem might have varying motivations, even to the point of conflicting agendas ( Feldman & Lowe, 2018) and might perceive institutions and, by extension, interventions, differently ( Lowe & Feldman, 2017).”

See all 53

Metadata

Authors
Feldman, M., & Lowe, N.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Feldman, Maryann
Venue
Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society
Published
2018-05-14
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
335-351
ISSN
  • 1752-1378 (ISSN-L)
  • 1752-1386
OpenAlex
W2804224335
Cited by
53
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
FWCI
14.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Kauffman Foundation
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Regional Development and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Local Economic Development and Planning
  • Social Sciences › Development › Regional Development and Innovation
Keywords
economic development policy, regional transformation, collective action, endogenous policy, power relations, policy negotiation, entrepreneurial ecosystems, innovation ecosystems, adaptive policy, regional planning

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Policy and collective action in place. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/cjres/rsy011
The paper
Feldman, M., & Lowe, N. (2018). Policy and collective action in place. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy011