Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 78

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Artificial intelligence and the public arena

Jungherr, Andreas, Schroeder, Ralph·2023·Communication Theory
DOI 10.1093/ct/qtad006
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The public arena relies on artificial intelligence (AI) to ever greater degrees. Media structures hosting the public arena—such as Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, and YouTube—increasingly rely on AI-enabled applications to shape information environments, autonomously generate content, and communicate with people. These applications affect the public arena’s functions: make society visible to itself and provide spaces for the formation of publics and counterpublics. We offer a framework that allows for the conceptualization and empirical examination of AI’s structural impact on the public arena. Based on this perspective, we argue that the growing uses of AI will lead to a strengthening of intermediary structures that can exercise a greater degree of control over the public arena. In addition, the data-driven nature of most AI-applications threatens to push challenges to the political status quo out of sight and obstruct the assessability of AI-enabled interventions.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ct/qtad006

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Research works printed but not linked: 58

  1. Ahmed, 2023, The growing influence of industry in AI research, Science (New York, N.Y.), 379, 884, 10.1126/science.ade2420 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Arendt, 1968, Between past and future: Eight exercises in political thought, 227
  3. Asenbaum, 2022, Rethinking democratic innovations: A look through the kaleidoscope of democratic theory, Political Studies Review, 20, 680, 10.1177/14789299211052890 · DOI
  4. Bandy, 2021, Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, 1
  5. Barocas, 2016, Big data’s disparate impact, California Law Review, 104, 671
  6. Bennett, 1990, Towards a theory of press-state relations in the US, Journal of Communication, 40, 103, 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x · DOI · Paper page
  7. Bourdieu, 1990, In other words: Essays towards a reflexive sociology, 123, 10.1515/9781503621558 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Brown, 2020, Advances in neural information processing systems, 1877
  9. Buolamwini, 2018, Proceedings of the 1st conference on fairness, accountability and transparency, 77
  10. Caliskan, 2017, Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases, Science (New York, N.Y.), 356, 183, 10.1126/science.aal4230 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Castells, 2013, Communication power
  12. Christian, 2020, The alignment problem: Machine learning and human values
  13. Christin, 2020, Metrics at work: Journalism and the contested meaning of algorithms
  14. Cormen, 2022, Introduction to algorithms
  15. Diakopoulos, 2019, Automating the news: How algorithms are rewriting the media, 10.4159/9780674239302 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Douek, 2021, Governing online speech: From “posts-as-trumps” to proportionality and probability, Columbia Law Review, 121, 759
  17. Elahi, 2022, Towards responsible media recommendation, AI and Ethics, 2, 103, 10.1007/s43681-021-00107-7 · DOI
  18. Esposito, 2022, Artificial communication: How algorithms produce social intelligence, 10.7551/mitpress/14189.001.0001 · DOI
  19. Ferree, 2002, Four models of the public sphere in modern democracies, Theory and Society, 31, 289, 10.1023/A:1016284431021 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Gerhards, 1991, Öffentlichkeit, Kultur, Massenkommunikation: Beiträge zur Medien- und Kommunikationssoziologie, 31
  21. Gorwa, 2020, Algorithmic content moderation: Technical and political challenges in the automation of platform governance, Big Data & Society, 7, 1, 10.1177/2053951719897945 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Gurevitch, 1990, Democracy and the mass media: A collection of essays, 269, 10.1017/CBO9781139172271.011 · DOI
  23. Guzman, 2020, Artificial intelligence and communication: A human–machine communication research agenda, New Media & Society, 22, 70, 10.1177/1461444819858691 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Habermas, 1990, Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft
  25. Habermas, 1992, Faktizität und Geltung: Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaats
  26. Habermas, 2006, Political communication in media society: Does democracy still enjoy an epistemic dimension? The impact of normative theory on empirical research, Communication Theory, 16, 411, 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00280.x · DOI · Paper page
  27. Habermas, 2022, Ein neuer Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit und die deliberative Politik
  28. Hand, 2016, Measurement: A very short introduction, 10.1093/actrade/9780198779568.001.0001 · DOI
  29. Jungherr, 2019, Discursive power in contemporary media systems: A comparative framework, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24, 404, 10.1177/1940161219841543 · DOI
  30. Jungherr, 2020, Retooling politics: How digital media are shaping democracy, 10.1017/9781108297820 · DOI
  31. Jungherr, 2021, Disinformation and the structural transformations of the public arena: Addressing the actual challenges to democracy, Social Media + Society, 7, 1, 10.1177/2056305121988928 · DOI
  32. Jungherr, 2022, Digital transformations of the public arena, 10.1017/9781009064484 · DOI
  33. Jungherr, 2019, Digital media and the surge of political outsiders: Explaining the success of political challengers in the United States, Germany, and China, Social Media + Society, 5, 1, 10.1177/2056305119875439 · DOI
  34. Kelleher, 2019, Deep learning, 10.7551/mitpress/11171.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Kovach, 2021, The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect
  36. Larson, 2021, The myth of artificial intelligence: Why computers can’t think the way we do
  37. Luhmann, 2017, Die Realität der Massenmedien, 10.1007/978-3-658-17738-6 · DOI
  38. MacKenzie, 2022, Blink, bid, buy, London Review of Books, 44
  39. Metz, 2021, Genius makers: The mavericks who brought AI to Google, Facebook, and the world
  40. Mitchell, 2019, Artificial intelligence: A guide for thinking humans
  41. Müller, 2021, Democracy rules
  42. Napoli, 2014, Automated media: An institutional theory perspective on algorithmic media production and consumption, Communication Theory, 24, 340, 10.1111/comt.12039 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Natale, 2021, Deceitful media: Artificial intelligence and social life after the Turing Test, 10.1093/oso/9780190080365.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Nielsen, 2022, The power of platforms: Shaping media and society, 10.1093/oso/9780190908850.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  45. O’Neill, 2022, A philosopher looks at digital communication, 10.1017/9781108981583 · DOI
  46. Peters, 2007, Der Sinn von Öffentlichkeit, 55
  47. Peters, 2007, Der Sinn von Öffentlichkeit
  48. Rauchfleisch, 2016, The internet and generalized functions of the public sphere: Transformative potentials from a comparative perspective, Social Media + Society, 2, 1, 10.1177/2056305116646393 · DOI
  49. Russell, 2021, Artificial intelligence: A modern approach
  50. Schäfer, 2020, Öffentliche Kommunikation in Zeiten künstlicher Intelligenz, Publizistik, 65, 307, 10.1007/s11616-020-00592-6 · DOI
  51. Schultz, 1998, Reviving the fourth estate: Democracy, accountability and the media, 10.1017/CBO9780511597138 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Simon, 2022, Uneasy bedfellows: AI in the news, platform companies and the issue of journalistic autonomy, Digital Journalism, 10, 1832, 10.1080/21670811.2022.2063150 · DOI
  53. Smith, 2019, The promise of artificial intelligence: Reckoning and judgment, 10.7551/mitpress/12385.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Taylor, 1995, Philosophical arguments, 257
  55. Vaswani, 2017, NIPS 2017: 31st conference on neural information processing systems, 1
  56. Vela, 2022, Temporal quality degradation in AI models, Scientific Reports, 12, 1, 10.1038/s41598-022-15245-z · DOI
  57. Warner, 1990, Letters of the republic: Publication and the public sphere in eighteenth-century America
  58. Warner, 2002, Publics and counterpublics

Cited by

See all 78

Metadata

Authors
Jungherr, A., & Schroeder, R.
Affiliations
  • Institute for Political Science, University of Bamberg , Bamberg, Germany
  • Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
ORCID
Jungherr, Andreas
Venue
Communication Theory
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2023-06-19
Volume
33
Issue
2-3
Pages
164-173
ISSN
  • 1050-3293
  • 1468-2885
DOI
10.1093/ct/qtad006
Cited by
78
References
7
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
VolkswagenStiftung

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Artificial intelligence and the public arena. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/ct/qtad006
The paper
Jungherr, A., & Schroeder, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the public arena. Communication Theory. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtad006

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.