Long-term follow-up of maxillary fixed retention: survival rate and periodontal health
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To assess the long-term success of maxillary fixed retainers, investigate their effect on gingival health, and analyse the survival rate after a mean period of 7 years (minimum 5 years) in retention. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty one subjects were included in the study A clinical examination of the upper canine to canine region including gingival index (GI), plaque index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed. Intraoral photographs and dental impressions were taken and irregularity index was determined and compared to the values of the immediate post-therapeutic values; failures of retainers were also recorded and analysed. RESULTS: The mean observed retention time was 7 years and 5 months. Irregularity index: Changes occurring during retention were statistically different between the lateral incisors bonded to retainers and the canines not bonded to retainers. Only six patients showed changes in irregularity index of the lateral incisors in spite of a retainer in place. Periodontal health: The median value of the GI for all teeth bonded to upper retainers was 1.10 and the median value of the plaque index (PI) was 1.14. PI was not a significant predictor of GI. The overall BOP of the bonded teeth to the retainer for each participant was 22.3 per cent. Failure rate: Twenty-eight out of 41 patients experienced no failure of the upper bonded retainer (68.3 per cent). Detachments were the most frequent incidents. CONCLUSION: Although plaque accumulation might be increased in patients with already poor oral hygiene, maxillary bonded retainers caused no significant negative effects on the periodontal health.
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Increased plaque accumulation in patients with maxillary bonded retainers has been reported in short-term and long-term orthodontic retention patients.
“Increased plaque accumulation in patients with maxillary bonded retainers has been reported in short-term [22] and long-term orthodontic retention patients [2]”
From Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment – a cross-sectional study (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Dietrich, P., Patcas, R., Pandis, N., & Eliades, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Dietrich, Pamela
- Patcas, Raphael
- Venue
- The European Journal of Orthodontics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-08-02
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-42
- ISSN
- 0141-5387 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2210
- OpenAlex
- W1994508982
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Orthodontics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Dental Trauma and Treatments
- Keywords
- orthodontic retainers, long-term retention, periodontal health, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, irregularity index, orthodontic malocclusion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dental Bonding, Dental Plaque, Dental Plaque Index, Equipment Failure, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Diseases, Humans, Male, Maxilla, Periodontal Index, Retrospective Studies, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Orthodontic Retainers, Young Adult
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