Long-term influence of fixed lingual retainers on the development of gingival recession: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To investigate the long-term influence of fixed lingual retainers on the development of mandibular gingival recession and to compare the prevalence with untreated individuals. Materials and Methods: The material consisted of 144 subjects: 96 orthodontically treated patients followed for 5 years after therapy and 48 untreated age-matched subjects. The treated patients were divided in two groups: one receiving a fixed mandibular retainer (n = 48) and one receiving no form of retention in the mandible (n = 48). The presence or absence of gingival recession and calculus accumulation were scored before treatment (T0), after debonding (T1), and 5 years after debonding (T5) for each tooth in the mandibular intercanine region using plaster models and intraoral photographs. The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Cochran's Q test were used to evaluate inter- and intragroup differences. Results: The prevalence of patients with recession increased gradually and significantly throughout the observation periods in all groups, but the intergroup differences at T5 were not significant. Significantly more calculus accumulation was observed at T5 in the retainer group compared with the group without retainers. Conclusions: Long-term presence of fixed lingual retainers does not seem to increase the development of mandibular gingival recession, but does increase calculus accumulation.
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More pronounced calculus formation has been shown in patients with fixed retainers when compared to removable or no retainers.
“Furthermore, more pronounced calculus formation has been shown in patients with fixed retainers when compared to removable, or no retainers [18,23,24], but the evidence is described as low [21].”
From Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment – a cross-sectional study (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
The Discussion (p. 4) reports significantly more calculus in patients with fixed lingual retainers than in patients with no retention appliance. The paper does not establish the claimed comparison with removable retainers; its Discussion (p. 4) describes evidence on differences between retainer regimens as uncertain. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReports on the effect of extraction on gingival recession are unanimous and show no correlation.
“Reports on the effect of extraction on, particularly, GR are unanimous and show no correlation [24,31].”
From Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment – a cross-sectional study (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
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Cites
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The effects of fixed orthodontic retainers on periodontal health: A systematic review
Arn, M.-L., Dritsas, K., Pandis, N., & Kloukos, D. (2020) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.010 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Juloski, J., Glisic, B., & Vandevska-Radunovic, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Belgrade (RS)
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- ORCID
- Juloski, Jovana
- Venue
- The Angle Orthodontist
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 658-664
- ISSN
- 0003-3219 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7103
- PMC
- PMC8357211
- OpenAlex
- W2727385620
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Angle Orthodontist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SMILE – School of dental Medicine dIgitaL archivE (University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- gingival recession, orthodontic retention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Dental Calculus, Dental Plaque, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Gingival Recession, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mandible, Oral Hygiene Index, Orthodontics, Corrective, Periodontal Index, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Prevalence, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Orthodontic Retainers, Young Adult
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