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Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: a review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Ethnic minority patients seem to be confronted with barriers when using health services. Yet, care providers are often oblivious to these barriers, although they may share to some extent the burden of responsibility for them. In order to enlighten care providers, as to the potential pitfalls that may exist, there is a need to explore the different factors in the creation of the barriers. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an overview of the potential barriers and the factors, which may restrict ethnic minority patients from using health services, according to the literature available. METHODS: Articles published from 1990 to 2003 were identified by searching electronic databases and selected through titles and abstracts. The articles were included if deemed to be relevant to study health services use by ethnic minorities, i.e. the different factors in the creation of a barrier. RESULTS: There were 54 articles reviewed. They reported on studies carried out in different countries and among different ethnic minorities. Potential barriers occurred at three different levels: patient level, provider level and system level. The barriers at patient level were related to the patient characteristics: demographic variables, social structure variables, health beliefs and attitudes, personal enabling resources, community enabling resources, perceived illness and personal health practices. The barriers at provider level were related to the provider characteristics: skills and attitudes. The barriers at system level were related to the system characteristics: the organisation of the health care system. CONCLUSION: This review has the goal of raising awareness about the myriad of potential barriers, so that the problem of barriers to health care for different ethnic minorities becomes transparent. In conclusion, there are many different potential barriers of which some are tied to ethnic minorities. The barriers are all tied to the particular situation of the individual patient and subject to constant adjustment. In other words, generalizations should not be made.
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“simultaneously face barriers to accessing appropriate mental health care [3].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Scheppers, E.
- Corresponding author
- Scheppers, E.
- ORCID
- Scheppers, E.
- Venue
- Family Practice
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-02-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 325-348
- ISSN
- 0263-2136 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2229
- OpenAlex
- W2109218384
- Cited by
- 759
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 5.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Family Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Identity, and Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- ethnic minorities, barriers to care, health care utilization, patient characteristics, provider characteristics, health system organization, health beliefs, health attitudes, health care access, cultural competence
- MeSH terms
- Acculturation, Delivery of Health Care, Female, Health Services, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Life Style, Male, Minority Groups, Netherlands, Sex Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Global Health, Marital Status
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