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Cited by 2,664

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023

Open access
The Gene Ontology Consortium, Aleksander, Suzi A, Balhoff, James, Carbon, Seth, Cherry, J Michael, Drabkin, Harold J, Ebert, Dustin, Feuermann, Marc, Gaudet, Pascale, Harris, Nomi L, Hill, David P, Lee, Raymond, Mi, Huaiyu, Moxon, Sierra, Mungall, Christopher J, Muruganugan, Anushya, Mushayahama, Tremayne, Sternberg, Paul W, Thomas, Paul D, Van Auken, Kimberly, Ramsey, Jolene, Siegele, Deborah A, Chisholm, Rex L, Fey, Petra, Aspromonte, Maria Cristina, Nugnes, Maria Victoria, Quaglia, Federica, Tosatto, Silvio, Giglio, Michelle, Nadendla, Suvarna, Antonazzo, Giulia, Attrill, Helen, dos Santos, Gil, Marygold, Steven, Strelets, Victor, Tabone, Christopher J, Thurmond, Jim, Zhou, Pinglei, Ahmed, Saadullah H, Asanitthong, Praoparn, Luna Buitrago, Diana, Erdol, Meltem N, Gage, Matthew C, Ali Kadhum, Mohamed, Li, Kan Yan Chloe, Long, Miao, Michalak, Aleksandra, Pesala, Angeline, Pritazahra, Armalya, Saverimuttu, Shirin C C, Su, Renzhi, Thurlow, Kate E, Lovering, Ruth C, Logie, Colin, Oliferenko, Snezhana, Blake, Judith, Christie, Karen, Corbani, Lori, Dolan, Mary E, Drabkin, Harold J, Hill, David P, Ni, Li, Sitnikov, Dmitry, Smith, Cynthia, Cuzick, Alayne, Seager, James, Cooper, Laurel, Elser, Justin, Jaiswal, Pankaj, Gupta, Parul, Jaiswal, Pankaj, Naithani, Sushma, Lera-Ramirez, Manuel, Rutherford, Kim, Wood, Valerie, De Pons, Jeffrey L, Dwinell, Melinda R, Hayman, G Thomas, Kaldunski, Mary L, Kwitek, Anne E, Laulederkind, Stanley J F, Tutaj, Marek A, Vedi, Mahima, Wang, Shur-Jen, D’Eustachio, Peter, Aimo, Lucila, Axelsen, Kristian, Bridge, Alan, Hyka-Nouspikel, Nevila, Morgat, Anne, Aleksander, Suzi A, Cherry, J Michael, Engel, Stacia R, Karra, Kalpana, Miyasato, Stuart R, Nash, Robert S, Skrzypek, Marek S, Weng, Shuai, Wong, Edith D, Bakker, Erika, Berardini, Tanya Z, Reiser, Leonore, Auchincloss, Andrea, Axelsen, Kristian, Argoud-Puy, Ghislaine, Blatter, Marie-Claude, Boutet, Emmanuel, Breuza, Lionel, Bridge, Alan, Casals-Casas, Cristina, Coudert, Elisabeth, Estreicher, Anne, Livia Famiglietti, Maria, Feuermann, Marc, Gos, Arnaud, Gruaz-Gumowski, Nadine, Hulo, Chantal, Hyka-Nouspikel, Nevila, Jungo, Florence, Le Mercier, Philippe, Lieberherr, Damien, Masson, Patrick, Morgat, Anne, Pedruzzi, Ivo, Pourcel, Lucille, Poux, Sylvain, Rivoire, Catherine, Sundaram, Shyamala, Bateman, Alex, Bowler-Barnett, Emily, Bye-A-Jee, Hema, Denny, Paul, Ignatchenko, Alexandr, Ishtiaq, Rizwan, Lock, Antonia, Lussi, Yvonne, Magrane, Michele, Martin, Maria J, Orchard, Sandra, Raposo, Pedro, Speretta, Elena, Tyagi, Nidhi, Warner, Kate, Zaru, Rossana, Diehl, Alexander D, Lee, Raymond, Chan, Juancarlos, Diamantakis, Stavros, Raciti, Daniela, Zarowiecki, Magdalena, Fisher, Malcolm, James-Zorn, Christina, Ponferrada, Virgilio, Zorn, Aaron, Ramachandran, Sridhar, Ruzicka, Leyla, Westerfield, Monte, Aleksander, Suzi A, Balhoff, James, Carbon, Seth, Cherry, J Michael, Drabkin, Harold J, Ebert, Dustin, Feuermann, Marc, Gaudet, Pascale, Harris, Nomi L, Hill, David P, Lee, Raymond, Mi, Huaiyu, Moxon, Sierra, Mungall, Christopher J, Muruganugan, Anushya, Mushayahama, Tremayne, Sternberg, Paul W, Thomas, Paul D, Van Auken, Kimberly, Ramsey, Jolene, Siegele, Deborah A, Chisholm, Rex L, Fey, Petra, Aspromonte, Maria Cristina, Nugnes, Maria Victoria, Quaglia, Federica, Tosatto, Silvio, Giglio, Michelle, Nadendla, Suvarna, Antonazzo, Giulia, Attrill, Helen, dos Santos, Gil, Marygold, Steven, Strelets, Victor, Tabone, Christopher J, Thurmond, Jim, Zhou, Pinglei, Ahmed, Saadullah H, Asanitthong, Praoparn, Luna Buitrago, Diana, Erdol, Meltem N, Gage, Matthew C, Ali Kadhum, Mohamed, Li, Kan Yan Chloe, Long, Miao, Michalak, Aleksandra, Pesala, Angeline, Pritazahra, Armalya, Saverimuttu, Shirin C C, Su, Renzhi, Thurlow, Kate E, Lovering, Ruth C, Logie, Colin, Oliferenko, Snezhana, Blake, Judith, Christie, Karen, Corbani, Lori, Dolan, Mary E, Drabkin, Harold J, Hill, David P, Ni, Li, Sitnikov, Dmitry, Smith, Cynthia, Cuzick, Alayne, Seager, James, Cooper, Laurel, Elser, Justin, Jaiswal, Pankaj, Gupta, Parul, Jaiswal, Pankaj, Naithani, Sushma, Lera-Ramirez, Manuel, Rutherford, Kim, Wood, Valerie, De Pons, Jeffrey L, Dwinell, Melinda R, Hayman, G Thomas, Kaldunski, Mary L, Kwitek, Anne E, Laulederkind, Stanley J F, Tutaj, Marek A, Vedi, Mahima, Wang, Shur-Jen, D’Eustachio, Peter, Aimo, Lucila, Axelsen, Kristian, Bridge, Alan, Hyka-Nouspikel, Nevila, Morgat, Anne, Aleksander, Suzi A, Cherry, J Michael, Engel, Stacia R, Karra, Kalpana, Miyasato, Stuart R, Nash, Robert S, Skrzypek, Marek S, Weng, Shuai, Wong, Edith D, Bakker, Erika, Berardini, Tanya Z, Reiser, Leonore, Auchincloss, Andrea, Axelsen, Kristian, Argoud-Puy, Ghislaine, Blatter, Marie-Claude, Boutet, Emmanuel, Breuza, Lionel, Bridge, Alan, Casals-Casas, Cristina, Coudert, Elisabeth, Estreicher, Anne, Livia Famiglietti, Maria, Feuermann, Marc, Gos, Arnaud, Gruaz-Gumowski, Nadine, Hulo, Chantal, Hyka-Nouspikel, Nevila, Jungo, Florence, Le Mercier, Philippe, Lieberherr, Damien, Masson, Patrick, Morgat, Anne, Pedruzzi, Ivo, Pourcel, Lucille, Poux, Sylvain, Rivoire, Catherine, Sundaram, Shyamala, Bateman, Alex, Bowler-Barnett, Emily, Bye-A-Jee, Hema, Denny, Paul, Ignatchenko, Alexandr, Ishtiaq, Rizwan, Lock, Antonia, Lussi, Yvonne, Magrane, Michele, Martin, Maria J, Orchard, Sandra, Raposo, Pedro, Speretta, Elena, Tyagi, Nidhi, Warner, Kate, Zaru, Rossana, Diehl, Alexander D, Lee, Raymond, Chan, Juancarlos, Diamantakis, Stavros, Raciti, Daniela, Zarowiecki, Magdalena, Fisher, Malcolm, James-Zorn, Christina, Ponferrada, Virgilio, Zorn, Aaron, Ramachandran, Sridhar, Ruzicka, Leyla, Westerfield, Monte·2023·GENETICS
DOI 10.1093/genetics/iyad031
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Abstract

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins and noncoding RNAs). GO annotations cover genes from organisms across the tree of life as well as viruses, though most gene function knowledge currently derives from experiments carried out in a relatively small number of model organisms. Here, we provide an updated overview of the GO knowledgebase, as well as the efforts of the broad, international consortium of scientists that develops, maintains, and updates the GO knowledgebase. The GO knowledgebase consists of three components: (1) the GO—a computational knowledge structure describing the functional characteristics of genes; (2) GO annotations—evidence-supported statements asserting that a specific gene product has a particular functional characteristic; and (3) GO Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs)—mechanistic models of molecular “pathways” (GO biological processes) created by linking multiple GO annotations using defined relations. Each of these components is continually expanded, revised, and updated in response to newly published discoveries and receives extensive QA checks, reviews, and user feedback. For each of these components, we provide a description of the current contents, recent developments to keep the knowledgebase up to date with new discoveries, and guidance on how users can best make use of the data that we provide. We conclude with future directions for the project.

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Metadata

Authors
The Gene Ontology Consortium, Aleksander, S. A., Balhoff, J., Carbon, S., Cherry, J. M., Drabkin, H. J., Ebert, D., Feuermann, M., Gaudet, P., Harris, N. L., Hill, D. P., Lee, R., Mi, H., Moxon, S., Mungall, C. J., Muruganugan, A., Mushayahama, T., Sternberg, P. W., Thomas, P. D., Van Auken, K., Ramsey, J., Siegele, D. A., Chisholm, R. L., Fey, P., Aspromonte, M. C., Nugnes, M. V., Quaglia, F., Tosatto, S., Giglio, M., Nadendla, S., Antonazzo, G., Attrill, H., dos Santos, G., Marygold, S., Strelets, V., Tabone, C. J., Thurmond, J., Zhou, P., Ahmed, S. H., Asanitthong, P., Luna Buitrago, D., Erdol, M. N., Gage, M. C., Ali Kadhum, M., Li, K. Y. C., Long, M., Michalak, A., Pesala, A., Pritazahra, A., Saverimuttu, S. C. C., Su, R., Thurlow, K. E., Lovering, R. C., Logie, C., Oliferenko, S., Blake, J., Christie, K., Corbani, L., Dolan, M. E., Drabkin, H. J., Hill, D. P., Ni, L., Sitnikov, D., Smith, C., Cuzick, A., Seager, J., Cooper, L., Elser, J., Jaiswal, P., Gupta, P., Jaiswal, P., Naithani, S., Lera-Ramirez, M., Rutherford, K., Wood, V., De Pons, J. L., Dwinell, M. R., Hayman, G. T., Kaldunski, M. L., Kwitek, A. E., Laulederkind, S. J. F., Tutaj, M. A., Vedi, M., Wang, S.-J., D’Eustachio, P., Aimo, L., Axelsen, K., Bridge, A., Hyka-Nouspikel, N., Morgat, A., Aleksander, S. A., Cherry, J. M., Engel, S. R., Karra, K., Miyasato, S. R., Nash, R. S., Skrzypek, M. S., Weng, S., Wong, E. D., Bakker, E., Berardini, T. Z., Reiser, L., Auchincloss, A., Axelsen, K., Argoud-Puy, G., Blatter, M.-C., Boutet, E., Breuza, L., Bridge, A., Casals-Casas, C., Coudert, E., Estreicher, A., Livia Famiglietti, M., Feuermann, M., Gos, A., Gruaz-Gumowski, N., Hulo, C., Hyka-Nouspikel, N., Jungo, F., Le Mercier, P., Lieberherr, D., Masson, P., Morgat, A., Pedruzzi, I., Pourcel, L., Poux, S., Rivoire, C., Sundaram, S., Bateman, A., Bowler-Barnett, E., Bye-A-Jee, H., Denny, P., Ignatchenko, A., Ishtiaq, R., Lock, A., Lussi, Y., Magrane, M., Martin, M. J., Orchard, S., Raposo, P., Speretta, E., Tyagi, N., Warner, K., Zaru, R., Diehl, A. D., Lee, R., Chan, J., Diamantakis, S., Raciti, D., Zarowiecki, M., Fisher, M., James-Zorn, C., Ponferrada, V., Zorn, A., Ramachandran, S., Ruzicka, L., Westerfield, M., Aleksander, S. A., Balhoff, J., Carbon, S., Cherry, J. M., Drabkin, H. J., Ebert, D., Feuermann, M., Gaudet, P., Harris, N. L., Hill, D. P., Lee, R., Mi, H., Moxon, S., Mungall, C. J., Muruganugan, A., Mushayahama, T., Sternberg, P. W., Thomas, P. D., Van Auken, K., Ramsey, J., Siegele, D. A., Chisholm, R. L., Fey, P., Aspromonte, M. C., Nugnes, M. V., Quaglia, F., Tosatto, S., Giglio, M., Nadendla, S., Antonazzo, G., Attrill, H., dos Santos, G., Marygold, S., Strelets, V., Tabone, C. J., Thurmond, J., Zhou, P., Ahmed, S. H., Asanitthong, P., Luna Buitrago, D., Erdol, M. N., Gage, M. C., Ali Kadhum, M., Li, K. Y. C., Long, M., Michalak, A., Pesala, A., Pritazahra, A., Saverimuttu, S. C. C., Su, R., Thurlow, K. E., Lovering, R. C., Logie, C., Oliferenko, S., Blake, J., Christie, K., Corbani, L., Dolan, M. E., Drabkin, H. J., Hill, D. P., Ni, L., Sitnikov, D., Smith, C., Cuzick, A., Seager, J., Cooper, L., Elser, J., Jaiswal, P., Gupta, P., Jaiswal, P., Naithani, S., Lera-Ramirez, M., Rutherford, K., Wood, V., De Pons, J. L., Dwinell, M. R., Hayman, G. T., Kaldunski, M. L., Kwitek, A. E., Laulederkind, S. J. F., Tutaj, M. A., Vedi, M., Wang, S.-J., D’Eustachio, P., Aimo, L., Axelsen, K., Bridge, A., Hyka-Nouspikel, N., Morgat, A., Aleksander, S. A., Cherry, J. M., Engel, S. R., Karra, K., Miyasato, S. R., Nash, R. S., Skrzypek, M. S., Weng, S., Wong, E. D., Bakker, E., Berardini, T. Z., Reiser, L., Auchincloss, A., Axelsen, K., Argoud-Puy, G., Blatter, M.-C., Boutet, E., Breuza, L., Bridge, A., Casals-Casas, C., Coudert, E., Estreicher, A., Livia Famiglietti, M., Feuermann, M., Gos, A., Gruaz-Gumowski, N., Hulo, C., Hyka-Nouspikel, N., Jungo, F., Le Mercier, P., Lieberherr, D., Masson, P., Morgat, A., Pedruzzi, I., Pourcel, L., Poux, S., Rivoire, C., Sundaram, S., Bateman, A., Bowler-Barnett, E., Bye-A-Jee, H., Denny, P., Ignatchenko, A., Ishtiaq, R., Lock, A., Lussi, Y., Magrane, M., Martin, M. J., Orchard, S., Raposo, P., Speretta, E., Tyagi, N., Warner, K., Zaru, R., Diehl, A. D., Lee, R., Chan, J., Diamantakis, S., Raciti, D., Zarowiecki, M., Fisher, M., James-Zorn, C., Ponferrada, V., Zorn, A., Ramachandran, S., Ruzicka, L., & Westerfield, M.
Venue
GENETICS
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2023-03-03
Volume
224
Issue
1
ISSN
  • 0016-6731 (ISSN-L)
  • 1943-2631
DOI
10.1093/genetics/iyad031
OpenAlex
W4323036511
Cited by
2,664
References
6
FWCI
201.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (U41HG002273, U24HG012212, U24HG002659, U24HG002223, U41HG000739, U24HG001315, U24HG000330, U24HG012198, U24HG011851, R01HL064541)
  • UK Medical Research Council (MR/W024233/1)
  • Wellcome Trust (218236/Z/19/Z, P41 HD064556)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • National Institute for Health Research
  • National Science Foundation (#1340112, #1127112, U24HG010859)
  • Alliance of Genome Resources Central
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  • National Institute on Aging
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
  • National Eye Institute
  • National Cancer Institute
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
  • National Institutes of Health (U24HG007822)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/T010541/1, BB/S01781X/1)
  • Open Targets
  • Swiss Federal Government
  • Research and Innovation SERI
  • European Molecular Biology Laboratory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/genetics/iyad031
The paper
The Gene Ontology Consortium, Aleksander, S. A., Balhoff, J., Carbon, S., Cherry, J. M., Drabkin, H. J., Ebert, D., Feuermann, M., Gaudet, P., Harris, N. L., Hill, D. P., Lee, R., Mi, H., Moxon, S., Mungall, C. J., Muruganugan, A., Mushayahama, T., Sternberg, P. W., Thomas, P. D., . . . Westerfield, M. (2023). The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023. GENETICS. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad031

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.