Personality and Physical Functioning Among Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Education
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OBJECTIVES: Drawing upon a vulnerability model, this study tested whether low educational level would amplify the negative contribution of risky personality traits, such as high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, on older adults physical functioning. METHOD: Five hundred and thirteen French-speaking community-dwelling older adults aged 60-91 years (mean age = 66.37, SD = 5.32) completed measures of physical functioning, education, personality traits, chronic conditions, and demographic variables. RESULTS: Results revealed that extraversion and conscientiousness were positively associated with physical functioning, whereas neuroticism was a negative predictor, beyond demographics, chronic conditions, and education. The negative relationship between neuroticism and physical functioning was stronger among individuals with low educational level and was nonsignificant among older people with higher level of education. DISCUSSION: This study is the first to support a vulnerability model, which entails an amplification of neuroticism risk at low education, but a diminishment of neuroticism risk for activity limitations at high education. As a whole, it appears that a focus on either personality or education without taking into account each other provides only a partial account of the predictors of basic daily physical activities in old age.
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Studies have reported stronger associations of presumably adaptive and maladaptive dispositions with physical functioning and mortality at lower levels of SES, thereby contributing to smaller or larger socioeconomic gradients.
“Consistent with the vulnerability model, studies have reported stronger associations of presumably adaptive (e.g., perceived control) and maladaptive (e.g., neuroticism and negative affectivity) dispositions with physical functioning and mortality at lower levels of SES, thereby contributing to smaller or larger socioeconomic gradients (33-36).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
Other studies have reported smaller socioeconomic gradients in IL-6 and mortality at higher levels of psychological resources including perceived control.
“Other studies have reported smaller socioeconomic gradients in IL-6 and mortality at higher levels of psychological resources including perceived control (33,37).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Jaconelli, A., Stephan, Y., Canada, B., & Chapman, B. P.
- Affiliations
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-10-15
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 553-557
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- PMC
- PMC3859357
- OpenAlex
- W2106889565
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K08AG031328)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- personality traits, physical function, older adults, education, neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, vulnerability model, moderation, activity limitation, daily physical activity, chronic disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Educational Status, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic
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