Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 414

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A HYPOTHESIS: The Causes of Hip Fractures

Cummings, S. R., Nevitt, M. C.·1989·Journal of Gerontology
DOI 10.1093/geronj/44.4.m107
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Neither age-related osteoporosis nor the increasing incidence of falls with age sufficiently explain the exponential increase in the incidence of hip fracture with aging. We propose that four conditions must be satisfied in order for a fall to cause a hip fracture: (a) the faller must be oriented to impact near the hip; (b) protective responses must fail; (c) local soft tissues must absorb less energy than necessary to prevent fracture, and (d) the residual energy of the fall applied to the proximal femur must exceed its strength. All of these events become more likely with aging and lead to an exponential rise in the risk of hip fracture with advancing age. This model also suggests that a combination of measurements of neuromuscular function and of bone strength may be the most accurate approach to assessing the risk of hip fracture.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/geronj/44.4.m107

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 17 references

Cited by

See all 414

Metadata

Authors
Cummings, S. R., & Nevitt, M. C.
Venue
Journal of Gerontology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1989-07-01
Volume
44
Issue
4
Pages
M107-M111
ISSN
0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/geronj/44.4.m107
OpenAlex
W2004527055
Cited by
414
References
17
FWCI
31.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A HYPOTHESIS: The Causes of Hip Fractures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/geronj/44.4.m107
The paper
Cummings, S. R., & Nevitt, M. C. (1989). A HYPOTHESIS: The Causes of Hip Fractures. Journal of Gerontology. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.4.m107

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.