Cited by 125Education and Military IntegrationRetirement, Disability, and EmploymentAging and Gerontology Research

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Long-term Outcomes of Military Service in Aging and the Life Course: A Positive Re-envisioning

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Spiro, Avron, Settersten, Richard A., Aldwin, Carolyn M.·2016·The Gerontologist

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Abstract

Most research on military service focuses on its short-term negative consequences, especially the mental and physical injuries of those deployed in warzones. However, studies of long-term outcomes reveal surprisingly positive effects of military service—both those early in adulthood that grow over time and others that can emerge later in life. These multidomain effects have been found in veterans of World War II and the Korean War and are now being seen in veterans of the Vietnam War. Although some are directly attributable to public policies such as the GI Bill, which facilitate educational and economic gains, there are personal developmental gains as well, including autonomy, emotional maturity and resilience, mastery, and leadership skills, that lead to better health and well-being in later life. These long-term effects vary across persons, change over time within persons, and often reflect processes of cumulative advantage and disadvantage. We propose a life-span model of the effects of military service that provides a perspective for probing both long-term positive and negative outcomes for aging veterans. We further explicate the model by focusing on both sociocultural dynamics and individual processes. We identify public-use data that can be examined to evaluate this model, and offer a set of questions that can be used to assess military service. Finally, we outline an agenda for dedicated inquiry into such effects and consider policy implications for the health and well-being of aging veterans in later life.

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Authors: Spiro, A., Settersten, R. A., & Aldwin, C. M.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Oregon State University (US)
ORCID: Spiro, Avron
Settersten, Richard A.
Aldwin, Carolyn M.
Venue: The Gerontologist
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2015-12-09
Volume: 56
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-13
ISSN: 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
1758-5341
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv093
PMC: PMC4906316
OpenAlex: W2255424595
Cited by: 125
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 3.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (R24AG039343)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Education and Military Integration
Social Sciences › Demography › Retirement, Disability, and Employment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Keywords: military service, veterans, aging, life course, long-term outcomes, GI Bill, resilience, mastery, leadership skills, well-being, World War II veterans, Korean War veterans, Vietnam War veterans
MeSH terms: Aging, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Military Personnel, Time Factors, United States, Veterans

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Long-term Outcomes of Military Service in Aging and the Life Course: A Positive Re-envisioning

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