Alternate promoters and alternate splicing of human Tenascin-X, a gene with 5′ and 3′ ends buried in other genes

Speek, M

doi:10.1093/hmg/5.11.1749

Cited by 40RNA Research and SplicingGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Alternate promoters and alternate splicing of human Tenascin-X, a gene with 5′ and 3′ ends buried in other genes

Speek, M·1996·Human Molecular Genetics

DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.11.1749

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Abstract

Tenascin-X (TN-X) is an extracellular matrix protein encoded by a large gene that overlaps the steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) gene in the HLA locus on chromosome 6p21.3. This may be the most complex locus in the human genome identified to date, containing 13 overlapping transcription units in 160 kb of DNA. Previous studies determined the sequence of 39 TN-X exons, encoding a 12 kb open reading frame, but the promoter(s) of the gene had not been located. We identify the principal TN-X promoter and a previously unknown 5' untranslated exon that lies more than 10 kb upstream from the previously known exons. This promoter, which is substantially different from the promoter for TN-C, initiates transcription in human fetal adrenal and muscle, but expression in human NCI-H295 adrenocortical carcinoma cells is initiated by two other promoters lying further upstream. One of these is the same as the promoter for a recently identified Creb-related protein (Creb-rp), but transcripts initiated form this promoter in human adrenal NCI-H295 tumor cells are spliced differently from Creb-rp, and are largely retained in the nuclei of these cells. By analogy with the other two members of the tenascin family, TN-C and TN-R, it has been predicted that TN-X should undergo alternate splicing in its fibronectin-like domains. RACE cloning and RNase protection experiments reveal no such alternate splicing. The TN-X gene appears to be unique in having both its 5' and 3' ends buried in other genes.

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The XB gene spans about 65 kb of DNA and includes 43 exons encoding a 12 kb mRNA.
“The XB gene spans about 65 kb of DNA and includes 43 exons encoding a 12 kb mRNA (399, 401).”
From The Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Physiology of Human Steroidogenesis and Its Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as [401]
The ‘Size of the human TN-X transcript’ section reports an approximately 12 kb mRNA, supporting that part of the claim. The Introduction says XB is over 65 kb long, while the Discussion estimates the gene at about 100 kb; the copy does not establish the claimed 43 exons (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Authors: Speek, M.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Speek, M
Venue: Human Molecular Genetics
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1996-11-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 11
Pages: 1749-1758
ISSN: 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
1460-2083
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.11.1749
OpenAlex: W2114370038
Cited by: 40
References: 52
Citations by year: 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 1.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: March of Dimes Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-37922, R01DK037922)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: tenascin-X, alternative splicing, P450c21, HLA locus, chromosome 6p21.3, extracellular matrix proteins, NCI-H295 cells, gene structure
MeSH terms: Adrenal Glands, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Choriocarcinoma, Exons, Genes, Overlapping, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Alternative Splicing, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Muscle, Skeletal, Tenascin

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Alternate promoters and alternate splicing of human Tenascin-X, a gene with 5′ and 3′ ends buried in other genes

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