A novel Usher protein network at the periciliary reloading point between molecular transport machineries in vertebrate photoreceptor cells
Abstract
The human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf-blindness. USH is genetically heterogeneous with at least 12 chromosomal loci assigned to three clinical types, USH1-3. Although these USH types exhibit similar phenotypes in human, the corresponding gene products belong to very different protein classes and families. The scaffold protein harmonin (USH1C) was shown to integrate all identified USH1 and USH2 molecules into protein networks. Here, we analyzed a protein network organized in the absence of harmonin by the scaffold proteins SANS (USH1G) and whirlin (USH2D). Immunoelectron microscopic analyses disclosed the colocalization of all network components in the apical inner segment collar and the ciliary apparatus of mammalian photoreceptor cells. In this complex, whirlin and SANS directly interact. Furthermore, SANS provides a linkage to the microtubule transport machinery, whereas whirlin may anchor USH2A isoform b and VLGR1b (very large G-protein coupled receptor 1b) via binding to their cytodomains at specific membrane domains. The long ectodomains of both transmembrane proteins extend into the gap between the adjacent membranes of the connecting cilium and the apical inner segment. Analyses of Vlgr1/del7TM mice revealed the ectodomain of VLGR1b as a component of fibrous links present in this gap. Comparative analyses of mouse and Xenopus photoreceptors demonstrated that this USH protein network is also part of the periciliary ridge complex in Xenopus. Since this structural specialization in amphibian photoreceptor cells defines a specialized membrane domain for docking and fusion of transport vesicles, we suggest a prominent role of the USH proteins in cargo shipment.
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Usually, a spot urine sample is sufficient for diagnosing an adrenal enzyme defect.
“Usually, a spot urine sample is sufficient for diagnosing an adrenal enzyme defect (268,294,295).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [295]
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- Authors
- Maerker, T., van Wijk, E., Overlack, N., Kersten, F. F. J., McGee, J., Goldmann, T., Sehn, E., Roepman, R., Walsh, E. J., Kremer, H., & Wolfrum, U.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Boys Town National Research Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-09-28
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-86
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2136373330
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ey016247-04)
- National Eye Institute (EY016247)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Keywords
- Usher syndrome, harmonin, SANS, whirlin, USH2A, photoreceptors, ciliary apparatus, microtubule transport, protein networks, deafblindness, Xenopus, mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Biological, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Subcellular Fractions, Transfection, Xenopus, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Mice, Knockout, Cell Cycle Proteins, COS Cells, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate, Protein Interaction Mapping, NIH 3T3 Cells, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Mice, Usher Syndromes, In Vitro Techniques
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