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A Full Freedom: Contemporary Survivors’ Definitions of Slavery
Open accessAbstract
This article examines key debates on the legal definition of slavery from the perspective of survivors. This group has previously not been included in the debates on slavery definitions. By drawing upon new interviews we have conducted with survivors and an analysis of hundreds of historical and contemporary slave narratives, the article resolves this critical oversight. Our analysis maps survivors’ ideas onto existing definitions, and we argue that a survivor-informed definition can expand our understanding of the nature of slavery and, therefore, shape antislavery policies and practice.
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“Enslaved persons also suffered a complete disregard for age and capacity as regards their wellbeing, a denial of privacy, and a profound lack of futurity (Nicholson 2018; Nicholson et al. 2018).”
From Collapsing the Boundaries Between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery Beyond the Transatlantic Frame (2020) · cites this paper as Nicholson 2018
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In the citing paper
“Enslaved persons also suffered a complete disregard for age and capacity as regards their wellbeing, a denial of privacy, and a profound lack of futurity (Nicholson 2018; Nicholson et al. 2018).”
From Collapsing the Boundaries Between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery Beyond the Transatlantic Frame (2020) · cites this paper as Nicholson et al. 2018
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In the citing paper
“Historical accounts also describe how persons enslaved in nineteenth century North America were permitted to run small enterprises that enabled the establishment of skills and businesses, which in turn led to economic freedom both during and following enslavement (Nicholson 2018).”
From Collapsing the Boundaries Between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery Beyond the Transatlantic Frame (2020) · cites this paper as Nicholson 2018
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Citations
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Trautrims, A., Schleper, M. C., Cakir, M. S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2020.1772347 · Cited by 113
How many trafficked people are there in Greater New Orleans? Lessons in measurement
Bales, K., Murphy, L. T., & Silverman, B. W. (2019) · Journal of Human Trafficking · doi:10.1080/23322705.2019.1634936 · Cited by 36
“…of definitions, some of which seem to deny that the phenomenon of trafficking and slavery exists at all, and none of which have drawn upon the knowledge of the lived experience of being trafficked and enslaved available from the many survivors of this crime (Nicholson, Dang, & Trodd, 2018).”
Background‘Still Waiting’ for Justice: Migrant Workers’ Perspectives on Labour Exploitation in Ireland
Murphy, C., Doyle, D. M., & Murphy, M. (2019) · Industrial Law Journal · doi:10.1093/indlaw/dwz023 · Cited by 10
Modern Slavery Responses Need International Business Scholarship
Trautrims, A. (2020) · AIB Insights · doi:10.46697/001c.13539 · Cited by 8
Schwarz, K., & Nicholson, A. (2020) · Human Rights Review · doi:10.1007/s12142-020-00604-y · Cited by 8
“Historical accounts also describe how persons enslaved in nineteenth century North America were permitted to run small enterprises that enabled the establishment of skills and businesses, which in turn led to economic freedom both during and following enslavement (Nicholson 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAI in supply chains: freedom from slavery revisited
Laukyte, M., & Mengual, L. M. A. (2024) · Deusto Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.18543/djhr.3188 · Cited by 2
Dashboarding The Online Strategic Communications of Anti-slavery Organizations During COVID-19Preprint
Lucas, B., Bravo‐Balsa, L., Brotherton, V., Wright, N., & Landman, T. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/e9rbh · Cited by 1
Rota, M. (2020) · Theoria · doi:10.1111/theo.12276 · Cited by 3
Kruglyak, V. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4164847
Emotion Regulation in Suicide Survivors Dealing With Emotional Distress
Hanastiti, E. N., & Avezahra, M. H. (2025) · KnE Social Sciences · doi:10.18502/kss.v10i25.19892
“Survivors can also be referred to individuals who can still survive after passing through dangerous circumstances, either in the form of a disaster or surviving a dangerous disease [12].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Nicholson, A., Dang, M., & Trodd, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Nicholson, Andrea
- Venue
- Human Rights Law Review
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-11-23
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 689-704
- ISSN
- 1461-7781 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-1021
- OpenAlex
- W2900970347
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 9.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Human Rights Law Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Arts and Humanities Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/P001491/1)
- ransnational Organised Crime, University of Nottingham
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Colonialism, slavery, and trade
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sex work and related issues
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Law and Human Rights
- Keywords
- slavery, slave narratives, modern slavery, human trafficking, survivor perspectives
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