The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clomiphene citrate—end of an era? a mini-review
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this review is to examine whether the time has come to replace clomiphene citrate (CC) as the first line therapy for WHO group II (eu-oestrogenic) infertility, the majority of which is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. CC has been the first line therapy for these cases for the last 40 years. It is a simple, cheap treatment, almost devoid of side effects which yields a single live birth rate of approximately 25% of starters. Non-response to CC and the gap between ovulation and pregnancy rates have variously been attributed to its anti-estrogen effects, and high LH and androgen concentrations. Three possible contenders for the replacement of CC as first-line treatment are scrutinized: metformin, aromatase inhibitors and low-dose FSH. Each has their advantages and disadvantages, but none of them, while showing much potential promise, has been proven, as yet, to be a feasible replacement for CC in this role. For CC, it may not yet be the end of an era but it may be the beginning of the end.
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Cites
Mitwally, M. F. M., & Casper, R. F. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01705-2 · Cited by 800 · cited 2×
“It has been hypothesized, in particular by Mitwally and Casper (2001), that the efficient estrogen-lowering properties of the aromatase inhibitors could be utilized to temporarily release the hypothalamus from the negative feedback effect of estrogen so inducing an increased discharge of FSH.”
BackgroundNestler, J. E., Jakubowicz, D. J., Evans, W. S., & Pasquali, R. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199806253382603 · Cited by 784
Moghetti, P., Castello, R., Negri, C., Tosi, F., Perrone, F., Caputo, M., Zanolin, E., & Muggeo, M. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.1.6293 · Cited by 660
Androgen and follicle stimulating hormone interactions in primate ovarian follicle development
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Effects of Metformin on Early Pregnancy Loss in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Jakubowicz, D. J., Iuorno, M. J., Jakubowicz, S., Roberts, K. A., & Nestler, J. E. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8207 · Cited by 492
Hypersecretion of luteinising hormone, infertility, and miscarriage
Regan, L., Owen, E. J., & Jacobs, H. S. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92765-a · Cited by 450
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Self-citationAromatase inhibition improves ovarian response to follicle-stimulating hormone in poor responders
Mitwally, M. F. M., & Casper, R. F. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03280-0 · Cited by 407
Pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin
Glueck, C. J., Wang, P., Goldenberg, N., & Sieve-Smith, L. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.11.2858 · Cited by 385
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Cited by
Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome
(2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.041 · Cited by 730
Balen, A. H., Morley, L. C., Misso, M., Franks, S., Legro, R. S., Wijeyaratne, C. N., Stener-Victorin, E., Fauser, B. C. J. M., Norman, R. J., & Teede, H. (2016) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw025 · Cited by 705
Treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome
Badawy, A., & Elnashar (2011) · International Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s11304 · Cited by 619
Karimzadeh, M. A., & Javedani, M. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.078 · Cited by 118
Kuang, H., Li, Y., Wu, X., Hou, L., Wu, T., Liu, J., Ng, E. H. Y., Stener-Victorin, E., Legro, R. S., & Zhang, H. (2013) · Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/527303 · Cited by 67
Metadata
- Authors
- Homburg, R.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-05-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2043-2051
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2156993772
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 60
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
