Mortality in Psychiatric Patients, with a Specific Focus on Cancer Mortality Associated with Schizophrenia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Higher mortality rates among psychiatric patients compared with the general population have been widely reported. On the other hand, lower cancer mortality for schizophrenics has been occasionally pointed out. Few studies from Japan have investigated mortality among psychiatric patients, and this study is the first large-scale follow-up in this country. METHODS: A total of 4980 patients admitted to a national mental hospital from 1948 through 1982 were followed up until 31 August 1985. The standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated in comparison to the general population, using the person-years method. RESULTS: The SMR for total deaths and those for malignancy were as follows for males/females respectively: 2.55/3.02 and 0.84/1.37 for schizophrenia, 1.76/2.37 and 1.44/2.10 for depression, 2.45/3.04 and 1.18/1.82 for mania, 1.81/1.90 and 0.27/1.07 for neurosis, 5.55/4.33 and 1.85/3.34 for alcohol/drug abuse, and 3.65/3.57 and 1.01/0.72 for organic brain syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The SMR for total deaths were significantly elevated in schizophrenia, depression, mania, neurosis, alcohol/drug abuse, and organic brain syndrome, respectively. The SMR for malignancy were not elevated nor lowered significantly in any of these disease categories. The SMR for stomach cancer in male schizophrenics was significantly lower (0.27; P < 0.05).
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Other studies found an increased or no different overall risk of cancer in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population.
“On the other hand, other studies found an increased (9,21,28,(449)(450)(451) or no different (292,419,452,453) overall risk of cancer in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [419]
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“451) or no different (292,419,452,453) overall risk of cancer”
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- Authors
- SAKU, M., TOKUDOME, S., IKEDA, M., KONO, S., MAKIMOTO, K., UCHIMURA, H., MUKAI, A., & YOSHIMURA, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan (JP)
- Nagoya City University (JP)
- National Defense Medical College (JP)
- Hizen Psychiatric Center (JP)
- Fukuma Hospital (JP)
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 366-372
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2151459384
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- mortality, psychiatric patients, schizophrenia, cancer mortality, depression, mania, neurosis, alcohol and drug abuse, organic mental disorders, standardized mortality ratio, gastric cancer, mental hospital patients, Japan
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Cause of Death, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Japan, Male, Neoplasms, Probability, Schizophrenia, Stomach Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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