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China Kadoorie Biobank of 0.5 million people: survey methods, baseline characteristics and long-term follow-up
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BACKGROUND: Large blood-based prospective studies can provide reliable assessment of the complex interplay of lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors as determinants of chronic disease. METHODS: The baseline survey of the China Kadoorie Biobank took place during 2004-08 in 10 geographically defined regions, with collection of questionnaire data, physical measurements and blood samples. Subsequently, a re-survey of 25,000 randomly selected participants was done (80% responded) using the same methods as in the baseline. All participants are being followed for cause-specific mortality and morbidity, and for any hospital admission through linkages with registries and health insurance (HI) databases. RESULTS: Overall, 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years were recruited, including 41% men, 56% from rural areas and mean age was 52 years. The prevalence of ever-regular smoking was 74% in men and 3% in women. The mean blood pressure was 132/79 mmHg in men and 130/77 mmHg in women. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.4 kg/m(2) in men and 23.8 kg/m(2) in women, with only 4% being obese (>30 kg/m(2)), and 3.2% being diabetic. Blood collection was successful in 99.98% and the mean delay from sample collection to processing was 10.6 h. For each of the main baseline variables, there is good reproducibility but large heterogeneity by age, sex and study area. By 1 January 2011, over 10,000 deaths had been recorded, with 91% of surviving participants already linked to HI databases. CONCLUSION: This established large biobank will be a rich and powerful resource for investigating genetic and non-genetic causes of many common chronic diseases in the Chinese population.
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“GWAS using siblings (within-sibship GWAS) (Fig. 2) have been previously limited by available data, but are now feasible by combining well-established family studies with recent large biobanks that incidentally or by design contain thousands of sibships35–39.”
From Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Similar initiatives have been conducted in other countries, such as the China Kadoorie Biobank 86 and Biobank Japan 87 .”
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“These biobank efforts, pioneered in studies such as the Framingham Cohort70 and the efforts of DeCODE in Iceland71,72, now encompass a growing inventory of national cohorts in North America, Europe, Asia and beyond73–76.”
From A brief history of human disease genetics (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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“Compared with SGLT2 inhibition, glucokinase activation showed weaker associations with acylcarnitines (online supplemental table 5).”
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Detecting a Weak Association by Testing its Multiple Perturbations: a Data Mining Approach
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“7% [18]); the 1991 Hypertension and Follow-up study (93% for 13 of 19 provinces [33]); China Kadoorie Biobank (80% at resurvey [4]); the Da Qing IGT and DM Study (94% for the initial screening [26]); and the Chinese Prospective Smoking Study (w80% [23]).”
BackgroundMolecular mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese
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Monitoring Long-Term Health Outcomes of Biobank Participants by Record Linkages
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“These cohort studies provided support for investigating association between risk factors and CVDs or chronic diseases, such as Prediction for Atherosclerotic CVD Risk in China (China-PAR) [23], Kailuan Study at Tangshan, Heibei [24], China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) [25], and China suboptimal health cohort study (COACS) […”
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“, China’s Kadoorie biobank [Chen et al., 2011] and UK Biobank [Allen et al.”
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“…of individuals”—including the UK Biobank ( 9 ), the Million Veteran Program and the All of Us Research Program ( 10 ), the China Kadoorie Biobank ( 11 ), Biobank Japan ( 12 ), deCODE Genetics ( 13 ), the Estonian Biobank ( 14 ), FinnGen ( 15 ), and Lifelines ( 16 )—provide extensive…”
Some Random Reflections on Evidence-Based Medicine, Precision Medicine, and Big Data Research
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“[17,18] At baseline, participants completed an electronic structured questionnaire, underwent standardized physical measurements, and their blood samples were collected.”
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Physical Activity and Ischemic Heart Disease Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study Among Chinese Adults
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Electronic Health Data Categories
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“The study design and procedure of the large-scale prospective cohort study namely China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), have been reported in detail elsewhere (Chen et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012).”
Calibrating multiplex serology for Helicobacter pylori
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“The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) [7] is a prospective study of half a million Chinese adults aged 30–79 years at the time of recruitment (2004–2008) which aims to analyse risk factors associated with many chronic diseases in the Chinese population.”
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Self-citationNatural and built environments and heart failure risk: An exposome-wide analysis in the UK Biobank
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Z., Chen, J., Collins, R., Guo, Y., Peto, R., Wu, F., Li, L., & on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) collaborative group
- Affiliations
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Z.
- Li, L.
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-09-21
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1652-1666
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- PMC
- PMC3235021
- OpenAlex
- W2105079646
- Cited by
- 1,034
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (088158/Z/09/Z)
- Cancer Research UK
- British Heart Foundation
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Kadoorie Charitable Foundation
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- China Kadoorie Biobank, prospective cohort, biobanks, baseline characteristics, smoking prevalence, blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes prevalence, cause-specific mortality, hospitalization, chronic disease, Chinese adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Weights and Measures, China, Chronic Disease, Data Collection, Environment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Testing, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Rural Population, Sex Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Databases, Factual, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Databases, Genetic
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