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China Kadoorie Biobank of 0.5 million people: survey methods, baseline characteristics and long-term follow-up
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Large blood-based prospective studies can provide reliable assessment of the complex interplay of lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors as determinants of chronic disease. METHODS: The baseline survey of the China Kadoorie Biobank took place during 2004-08 in 10 geographically defined regions, with collection of questionnaire data, physical measurements and blood samples. Subsequently, a re-survey of 25,000 randomly selected participants was done (80% responded) using the same methods as in the baseline. All participants are being followed for cause-specific mortality and morbidity, and for any hospital admission through linkages with registries and health insurance (HI) databases. RESULTS: Overall, 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years were recruited, including 41% men, 56% from rural areas and mean age was 52 years. The prevalence of ever-regular smoking was 74% in men and 3% in women. The mean blood pressure was 132/79 mmHg in men and 130/77 mmHg in women. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.4 kg/m(2) in men and 23.8 kg/m(2) in women, with only 4% being obese (>30 kg/m(2)), and 3.2% being diabetic. Blood collection was successful in 99.98% and the mean delay from sample collection to processing was 10.6 h. For each of the main baseline variables, there is good reproducibility but large heterogeneity by age, sex and study area. By 1 January 2011, over 10,000 deaths had been recorded, with 91% of surviving participants already linked to HI databases. CONCLUSION: This established large biobank will be a rich and powerful resource for investigating genetic and non-genetic causes of many common chronic diseases in the Chinese population.
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“GWAS using siblings (within-sibship GWAS) (Fig. 2) have been previously limited by available data, but are now feasible by combining well-established family studies with recent large biobanks that incidentally or by design contain thousands of sibships35–39.”
From Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Similar initiatives have been conducted in other countries, such as the China Kadoorie Biobank 86 and Biobank Japan 87 .”
From Multimodal biomedical AI (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
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“These biobank efforts, pioneered in studies such as the Framingham Cohort70 and the efforts of DeCODE in Iceland71,72, now encompass a growing inventory of national cohorts in North America, Europe, Asia and beyond73–76.”
From A brief history of human disease genetics (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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BackgroundMethodSelf-citationWithin-sibship GWAS improve estimates of direct genetic effectsPreprint
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“38) and between those Olink and SomaScan reagentpairs(medianrho=0.16;SupplementaryFig.39).”
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“Therefore, we expect the JFC Study to serve as a rich resource for many future epidemiologic studies of the four major cancers in China.”
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“Similar initiatives are also mentioned in the 2015 PMIworking group publication such as the UK Biobank, The china Kadoorie Biobank and the Estonian endeavor to link a population biobank with national health registries (Chen et al. 2011; Leitsalu et al. 2015; PMI Working Group 2015, p. 19; Sudlow et al. 2015).”
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Practical guide for managing large-scale human genome data in research
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“5 million adults, aged 30–79 years, who were recruited from 10 geographical regions in China that were chosen to include a wide range of behavioural, lifestyle and environmental risk factors.(19,20) In each region, temporary assessment clinics were set up in residential centres.”
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“Details of the CKB have been described previously [23].”
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“Details of the design, survey methods and baseline characteristics of the CKB participants have been reported previously [11,12].”
MethodSelf-citationSeasonal variations in blood pressure
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“Volume 30 Number 7 July 2012 study in an Asian population from China [30,31] where such phenomenon was never explored before.”
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“Detailed descriptions of the CKB study design and characteristics of the study participants have been given elsewhere [14, 15].”
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“The waist–hip ratio (WHR) was the ratio of WC to HC.(10)”
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“Given the increasing ubiquity of large-scale genotype resources from relatively genetically homogenous popu-8 lations (e.g. Bycroft et al. (2018), Chen et al. (2011)), such computational speed-ups will become increasingly necessary to cope with present-day sample collections.”
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“Details of the CKB study design and characteristics of the study participants have been described elsewhere [25,26].”
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“Study population Detailed information about the study design, survey methods and population of the CKB has been reported previously [9].”
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Self-citationAdapting health, economic and social policies to address population aging in China
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“Given the extremely low proportion of adults who live to be over 100 years old, access to large sample cohorts such as the China Kadoorie Biobank 58 and the REACTION 59 study could be considered.”
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“To encourage participation, those few individuals aged 30–34 or 75–79 years were not turned away [16].”
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“CKB design, survey methods and participant characteristics have been reported previously.(7) Briefly, the study was conducted in 10 geographically diverse regions (five urban and five rural) in China, chosen to cover a wide range of risk exposures and disease patterns, all with good quality death registries.”
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Self-citationMaintaining healthy sleep patterns and frailty transitions: a prospective Chinese study
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Z., Chen, J., Collins, R., Guo, Y., Peto, R., Wu, F., Li, L., & on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) collaborative group
- Affiliations
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Z.
- Li, L.
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-09-21
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1652-1666
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- PMC
- PMC3235021
- OpenAlex
- W2105079646
- Cited by
- 1,034
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (088158/Z/09/Z)
- Cancer Research UK
- British Heart Foundation
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Kadoorie Charitable Foundation
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- China Kadoorie Biobank, prospective cohort, biobanks, baseline characteristics, smoking prevalence, blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes prevalence, cause-specific mortality, hospitalization, chronic disease, Chinese adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Weights and Measures, China, Chronic Disease, Data Collection, Environment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Testing, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Rural Population, Sex Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, Body Mass Index, Databases, Factual, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Databases, Genetic
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