The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorders: findings from a Swedish population-based cohort
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to examine the independent and dependent associations of maternal and paternal age and risk of offspring autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with and without intellectual disability (ID). METHODS: The sample consisted of 417 303 Swedish children born 1984-2003. ASD case status (N = 4746) was ascertained using national and regional registers. Smoothing splines in generalized additive models were used to estimate associations of parental age with ASD. RESULTS: Whereas advancing parental age increased the risk of child ASD, maternal age effects were non-linear and paternal age effects were linear. Compared with mothers at the median age 29 years, those <29 had similar risk, whereas risk increased after age 30, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 [95% (CI): 1.63-1.89] at ages 40-45. For fathers, compared with the median age of 32 years, the OR for ages 55-59 was 1.39 (1.29-1.50). The risk of ASD was greater for older mothers as compared with older fathers. For example, mothers aged 40-45 (≥97.2th percentile) had an estimated 18.63 (95% CI: 17.25-20.01) ASD cases per 1000 births, whereas fathers aged 55-59 (≥99.7th percentile) had 16.35 (95% CI: 15.11-17.58) ASD cases per 1000 births. In analyses stratified by co-parental age, increased risk due to advancing paternal age was evident only with mothers ≤35 years. In contrast, advancing maternal age increased risk regardless of paternal age. Advancing parental age was more strongly associated with ASD with ID, compared with ASD without ID. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm prior findings that advancing parental age increases risk of ASD, particularly for ASD with ID, in a manner dependent on co-parental age. Although recent attention has emphasized the effects of older fathers on ASD risk, an increase of n years in maternal age has greater implications for ASD risk than a similar increase in paternal age.
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Citations
Cites
Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with autism
Sebat, J., Lakshmi, B., Malhotra, D., Troge, J., Lese-Martin, C., Walsh, T., Yamrom, B., Yoon, S., Krasnitz, A., Kendall, J., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138659 · Cited by 2,795
Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations
O’Roak, B. J., Vives, L., Girirajan, S., Karakoc, E., Krumm, N., Coe, B. P., Levy, R., Ko, A., Lee, C., Smith, J. D., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10989 · Cited by 2,165
Rate of de novo mutations and the importance of father’s age to disease risk
Kong, A., Frigge, M. L., Masson, G., Besenbacher, S., Sulem, P., Magnusson, G., Gudjonsson, S. A., Sigurdsson, A., Jonasdottir, A., Jonasdottir, A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11396 · Cited by 2,134
De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism
Sanders, S. J., Murtha, M. T., Gupta, A. R., Murdoch, J. D., Raubeson, M. J., Willsey, A. J., Ercan-Sencicek, A. G., DiLullo, N. M., Parikshak, N. N., Stein, J. L., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10945 · Cited by 2,084
Adult outcome for children with autism
Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x · Cited by 1,813
Patterns and rates of exonic de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorders
Neale, B. M., Kou, Y., Liu, L., Ma’ayan, A., Samocha, K. E., Sabo, A., Lin, C.-F., Stevens, C., Wang, L.-S., Makarov, V., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11011 · Cited by 1,734
Pervasive Developmental Disorders in preschool children
Chakrabarti, S. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.24.3093 · Cited by 1,132
Prenatal risk factors for autism: comprehensive meta-analysis
Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051672 · Cited by 736
Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis
Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1036 · Cited by 665
Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, and Autism
Volk, H. E., Lurmann, F., Penfold, B., Hertz-Picciotto, I., & McConnell, R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.266 · Cited by 638
Cited by
Lord, C., Elsabbagh, M., Baird, G., & Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31129-2 · Cited by 2,819
Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder
Hirvikoski, T., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Boman, M., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & Bölte, S. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192 · Cited by 1,011
The Changing Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Lyall, K., Croen, L., Daniels, J., Fallin, M. D., Ladd-Acosta, C., Lee, B. K., Park, B. Y., Snyder, N. W., Schendel, D., Volk, H., et al. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044318 · Cited by 1,011
Self-citationMaternal hospitalization with infection during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders
Lee, B. K., Magnusson, C., Gardner, R. M., Blomström, Å., Newschaffer, C. J., Burstyn, I., Karlsson, H., & Dalman, C. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.001 · Cited by 337
Self-citationAdvanced parental age and autism risk in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Wu, S., Wu, F., Ding, Y., Hou, J., Bi, J., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12666 · Cited by 282
Metadata
- Authors
- Idring, S., Magnusson, C., Lundberg, M., Ek, M., Rai, D., Svensson, A. C., Dalman, C., Karlsson, H., & Lee, B. K.
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-01-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-115
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2153064836
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 8.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Idring, S., Magnusson, C., Lundberg, M., Ek, M., Rai, D., Svensson, A. C., Dalman, C., Karlsson, H., & Lee, B. K. (2014). Parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorders: findings from a Swedish population-based cohort. International Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt262
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