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Cited by 1,132Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Pervasive Developmental Disorders in preschool children

Chakrabarti, Suniti·2001·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3093
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Prevalence rates of autism-spectrum disorders are uncertain, and speculation that their incidence is increasing continues to cause concern. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) in a geographically defined population of preschool children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Survey conducted July 1998 to June 1999 in Staffordshire, England. The area's 15 500 children aged 2.5 to 6.5 years were screened for developmental problems. Children with symptoms suggestive of a PDD were intensively assessed by a multidisciplinary team, which conducted standardized diagnostic interviews and administered psychometric tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence estimates for subtypes of PDDs. RESULTS: A total of 97 children (79.4% male) were confirmed to have a PDD. The prevalence of PDDs was estimated to be 62.6 (95% confidence interval, 50.8-76.3) per 10 000 children. Prevalences were 16.8 per 10 000 for autistic disorder and 45.8 per 10 000 for other PDDs. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 months, and 81% were originally referred by health visitors (nurse specialists). Of the 97 children with a PDD, 25.8% had some degree of mental retardation and 9.3% had an associated medical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that rates of PDD are higher than previously reported. Methodological limitations in existing epidemiological investigations preclude interpretation of recent high rates as indicative of increased incidence of these disorders although this hypothesis requires further rigorous testing. Attention is nevertheless drawn to the important needs of a substantial minority of preschool children.

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  • The review identified ASD prevalence data for eight countries.

    “Our literature search identified prevalence data for eight countries [17,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45].”

    From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [17]

  • ASD prevalence estimates have increased dramatically, with recent estimates of 90 to 250 per 10,000 individuals compared with previous estimates of less than 10 per 10,000.

    “While previous prevalence studies identified less than 10 in 10,000 individuals [17], recent estimates suggest rates of 90 to 250 in 10,000 individuals [1,18,19,20].”

    From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [17]

  • First concern with a potential medical problem rather than a developmental or autism-specific problem is associated with later ASD diagnosis.

    “Children of parents who were first concerned with a potential medical problem (e.g. seizures) versus a developmental or autism-specific problem were also diagnosed later [9].”

    From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [9]

  • Visiting more physicians or professionals before diagnosis is associated with later ASD diagnosis.

    “Three studies found that visiting a greater number of physicians [9 and 13] or professionals [14] prior to diagnosis was associated with later age at diagnosis.”

    From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [9]

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Authors
Chakrabarti, S.
Affiliations
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Chakrabarti, Suniti
ORCID
Chakrabarti, Suniti
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2001-06-27
Volume
285
Issue
24
Pages
3093
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.285.24.3093
OpenAlex
W2071090844
Cited by
1,132
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 76
FWCI
32.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
pervasive developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, prevalence, preschool children, autistic disorder, incidence trends, age at diagnosis, intellectual disability, comorbidities, Staffordshire
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, England, Female, Humans, Male, Intellectual Disability, Prevalence

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