Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: results of a 30-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The duration of protection in children and adults resulting from hepatitis B vaccination is unknown. In 1981, we immunized a cohort of 1578 Alaska Native adults and children from 15 Alaska communities aged ≥6 months using 3 doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS: Persons were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels 30 years after receiving the primary series. Those with levels <10 mIU/mL received 1 booster dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 2-4 weeks later and were then evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements 30 days after the booster. RESULTS: Among 243 persons (56%) who responded to the original primary series but received no subsequent doses during the 30-year period, 125 (51%) had an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL. Among participants with anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/mL who were available for follow-up, 75 of 85 (88%) responded to a booster dose with an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 days. Initial anti-HBs level after the primary series was correlated with higher anti-HBs levels at 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Based on anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 years and an 88% booster dose response, we estimate that ≥90% of participants had evidence of protection 30 years later. Booster doses are not needed.
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Vaccine-induced immune memory has been demonstrated to persist for >30 years.
“Vaccine-induced immune memory has been demonstrated to persist for >30 years (1325–1327).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1325]
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Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
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- Authors
- Bruce, M. G., Bruden, D., Hurlburt, D., Zanis, C., Thompson, G., Rea, L., Toomey, M., Townshend-Bulson, L., Rudolph, K., Bulkow, L., Spradling, P. R., Baum, R., Hennessy, T., & McMahon, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bruce, Michael G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-01-21
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-22
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2917871838
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 12 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 32.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- a cooperative agreement (U50/CCU022279)
- the CDC and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- hepatitis B vaccine, booster vaccination, anti-HBs antibody levels, vaccine protection duration, plasma-derived vaccine, recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, Alaska Native populations, long-term follow-up, antibody persistence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alaska, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Antibodies, Humans, Immunity, Active, Immunization, Secondary, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Young Adult
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