A trio of microRNAs that control Toll-like receptor signalling
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the host recognize conserved microbial products and defend against pathogenic attack by initiating an immune response via signalling pathways that lead to an increase in immune and inflammatory gene expression. TLR signalling must be stringently regulated in order to ensure sufficient clearance of pathogens and a timely return to homeostasis after infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly discovered class of gene regulators which bind to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNA and direct their post-transcriptional repression. They are global regulators potentially controlling up to 30% of the human genome. Several miRNAs have been shown to be up-regulated in response to TLR ligands, and many directly target components of the TLR signalling system, revealing a whole extra level of control of TLR signalling which is being extensively researched. The dysregulation of miRNAs may be involved in many inflammatory diseases and cancers and thus merits further investigation. In this review, we focus in on a trio of miRNA which have proven to be key in many immune and inflammatory pathways; miR-155, miR-21 and miR-146.
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miRNA-146a is associated with the regulation of Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptors (TIRs) signaling.
“In particular, miRNA-146a has been associated with the regulation of Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptors (TIRs) signaling [15], [17]–[19].”
From MicroRNA-146a: A Key Regulator of Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammatory Response (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
Various miRNAs are considered to represent a new class of mediators of inflammation.
“Various miRNAs are also considered to represent a new class of mediators of inflammation [13]–[16].”
From MicroRNA-146a: A Key Regulator of Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammatory Response (2012) · cites this paper as [15]
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“The TLRs and their associated signaling molecules have proven to be rich targets for miRNA regulation, and include miR-155, miR-21 and miR-146a targeting of TLR4 signaling [7,8], miR-24 targeting of MD-1 [9], miR-9 and 125b targeting of the TLR4/IL-1R signaling components IRAK-1, TRAF6, IKKe and p50NF-jB [10,11]; miR-…”
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“The role of miRNAs in immunity has been an area of intense research in recent years, and many have been implicated in the regulation of immune cell function including the fine-tuning of PRR signaling (Baltimore et al., 2008; O’Neill et al., 2011; Quinn and O’Neill, 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Quinn, S. R., & O'Neill, L. A.
- Venue
- International Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-06-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 421-425
- ISSN
- 0953-8178
- 1460-2377
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 6
- Language
- en
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