Is Music Therapy an Effective Intervention for Dementia? A Meta-Analytic Review of Literature
Abstract
A recent qualitative review of literature in the area of music/ music therapy and dementias published since 1985 suggested that music/music therapy is an effective intervention for maintaining and improving active involvement, social, emotional and cognitive skills, and for decreasing behavioral problems of individuals with dementias (Brotons, Koger, & Pickett-Cooper, 1997). The present analysis sought to update and quantify this relationship, and investigate the extent to which methodological variables influenced treatment effectiveness. Twenty-one empirical studies, with a total of 336 subjects suffering from symptoms of dementia, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the effect of music/music therapy was found to be highly significant. A homogeneity analysis determined that the effect sizes were not consistent across studies; thus, a series of moderating variable analyses were conducted. We were unable to determine the source of variability between studies by analyzing type of therapeutic intervention (active or passive), music (live or taped), therapist's training (trained music therapist vs. other professional), dependent variable (behavioral, cognitive, or social), or length of treatment. Although the published literature demonstrates that music/music therapy is an effective method overall for treating symptoms of dementia, systematic variation of treatment protocols is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms and delineate the most effective techniques.
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A metaanalysis of 21 empirical studies with a total of 336 subjects found the overall effect of music to be highly significant for maintaining and improving active involvement, social, emotional and cognitive skills, and for decreasing negative behaviors.
“A metaanalysis of 21 empirical studies with a total of 336 subjects found the overall effect of music to be highly significant for maintaining and improving active involvement, social, emotional and cognitive skills, and for decreasing negative behaviors. 59”
From Therapeutic recreation interventions for need-driven dementia-compromised (2002) · cites this paper as [59]
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“Although scientists have agreed that music therapy is an effective intervention for dealing with the symptoms of dementia [7], there is no consensus on assessment methods, which has precluded the finding of effective music therapy practices [7].”
BackgroundCommunication Improvement through Music: The Case of Children with Developmental Disabilities.
Krikeli, V., Michailidis, A., & Klavdianou, N.-D. (2010) · International Journal of Special Education (IJSE) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kelsey, S. G., & Laditka, S. B. (2006) · Home Health Care Services Quarterly · doi:10.1300/j027v24n04_02 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Taylor, J. R., Milne, A. J., & MacRitchie, J. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2021.1881172 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of the Music Therapy Research to Reduce Stress
Bak, H., & Lee, J.-Y. (2014) · Korean Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.21330/kjmt.2014.16.1.29 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mind/Body Medicine: An Introduction for the Generalist Physician and Nutritionist
Johnson, S. S., & Kushner, R. F. (2001) · Nutrition in Clinical Care · doi:10.1046/j.1523-5408.2001.00006.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The use of music for emotion modulation in mental disorders: the role of personality dimensions
Gebhardt, S., Kunkel, M., & von Georgi, R. (2014) · Journal of Integrative Psychology and Therapeutics · doi:10.7243/2054-4723-2-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Is there musical life after graduation? Mining the resources of an understudied population
Prickett, C. A. (2003) · Research Studies in Music Education · doi:10.1177/1321103x030210010501 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Music and well-being: a transformative consumer research perspective
Sinclair, G., & Tinson, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2021.1945661 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…therapeutic use for the elderly (referred to here as ‘older adults’) from a physical perspective in terms of pain control and palliative care (Hilliard, 2003; Krout, 2001), and for cognitive well-being in terms of its role in assisting those with memory-related diseases (see Koger et al., 1999).”
Background
- Authors
- Koger, S. M., Chapin, K., & Brotons, M.
- Affiliations
- Willamette University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koger, S. M.
- ORCID
- Koger, S. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Music Therapy
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-03-01
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-15
- ISSN
- 0022-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 2053-7395
- OpenAlex
- W2062944931
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Music Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Music Education and Analysis
- Keywords
- music therapy, dementia, treatment effectiveness, behavioral problems, cognitive function, social skills, music therapy education, treatment duration
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