Gender difference in outcomes following trauma-focused interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Currently, there is a lack of evidence on whether women and men respond differently to trauma-focused psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether gender is associated with response to trauma-focused psychological interventions for PTSD. METHOD: The Cochrane Collaboration systematic review methodology (Higgins & Green, 2011) was used as a guide for this study. Randomized controlled trials comparing trauma-focused interventions for PTSD with comparison conditions were identified in a literature review. RESULTS: Forty-eight randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis: 25 had a mixed gender sample, 18 were female only, and 5 were male only. There was evidence that women had greater reductions than men in the primary outcome measure of clinician-rated PTSD symptoms when trauma-focused psychological interventions were compared with any comparison condition at both postintervention and short-term follow-up. This finding was supported by a direct effects meta-analysis of studies that provided data on both females and males. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings support a gender difference in outcomes following trauma-focused psychological interventions for PTSD. Future research should seek to identify specific factors related to gender that facilitate or inhibit response to these interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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A review found females to benefit more from trauma focused interventions than males.
“With regard to sex, a review (Wade et al., 2016) found females to benefit more from trauma focused interventions than males.”
From Refugees versus persons family reunified to a refugee: A comparison of sociodemographic factors, trauma history, baseline psychopathology and treatment effectiveness (2023) · cites this paper as Wade et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Wade, D., Varker, T., Kartal, D., Hetrick, S., O'Donnell, M., & Forbes, D.
- Affiliations
- Orygen Youth Health (AU)
- Venue
- Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 356-364
- ISSN
- 1942-9681 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-969X
- OpenAlex
- W2344288903
- Semantic Scholar
- 1e73834157c252613e5186d4986147395d85bdaf
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Veterans’ Affairs (1131)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, gender differences, treatment response, women, men, PTSD symptom reduction, sex differences in treatment outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
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