A high glycemic index starch diet affects lipid storage–related enzymes in normal and to a lesser extent in diabetic rats
Open accessAbstract
The of this study was to evaluate the chronic effects of a high (waxy corn) vs. a low (mung beans) glycemic index starch diet on the lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Normal and diabetic (streptozotocin-injected on d 2 of life) male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed a diet containing 575 g/kg carbohydrates either as waxy cornstarch (WCS) or as mung bean starch (MBS). After 3 wk, neither body weights nor relative epididymal fat pad weights differed. In diabetic rats, the WCS diet induced high basal plasma insulin levels. Plasma triglycerides were not significantly affected by diet in either normal or diabetic rats. Adipose tissue and liver LPL activities were not modified by the type of starch in the diet. In normal rats, FAS activity and gene expression in epididymal adipose tissue but not in liver were greater in rats consuming the WCS diet than in those consuming MBS. To evaluate the implication of insulin in this regulation, two genes regulated by insulin [GLUT4 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)] were also studied. The high glycemic index WCS diet compared with the low glycemic index MBS diet resulted in lower hepatic PEPCK mRNA in both normal and diabetic rats. Normal, but not diabetic rats fed WCS had greater GLUT4 gene expression in adipocytes than did those fed MBS. We conclude that the total replacement of 575 g/kg low glycemic index starch by a high glycemic index starch for 3 wk caused the following in normal rats: 1) high FAS activity and mRNA in adipose tissue but not in liver and 2) high GLUT4 gene expression in adipose tissue. In both normal and diabetic rats this same diet resulted in lower hepatic PEPCK mRNA. Therefore, high glycemic index starch diet is implicated in stimulating FAS activity and lipogenesis and might have undesirable long-term metabolic effects.
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In animals, high- compared with low-GI diets increase adiposity independently of energy intake, in association with lower physical activity level.
“In animals, high- compared with low-GI diets increase adiposity independently of energy intake, in association with lower physical activity level (45, 93–96).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Kabir, M., Rizkalla, S. W., Quignard-Boulangé, A., Guerre-Millo, M., Boillot, J., Ardouin, B., Luo, J., & Slama, G.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Slama, Gérard
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-11
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1878-1883
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164935314
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vanderbilt University
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- high glycemic index diet, waxy maize starch, mung bean starch, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, lipogenesis, adipose tissue, liver, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, insulin, GLUT4, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, epididymal adipose tissue, plasma triglycerides, dietary starch
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Dietary Carbohydrates, Epididymis, Fabaceae, Lipoprotein Lipase, Liver, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP), Plants, Medicinal, Starch, Gene Expression, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Lipid Metabolism, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Rats, Fatty Acid Synthases
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